Antarctic fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic expedition

hs cs fh | ‘canes

Me neaY
mR TaN sb

as

ed

Pivision oF bien
} U. S. National suseume Ao Le

qua TRANSACTIONS pore Me

ee Es —
4/3 ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. |
Ere? VOL. XLIX.—PAR' IL—(No. 2)

73

THE ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH
NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

BY

C. TATE REGAN, M.A.

[Wirn ELeven Prarss anp Six Text-Fies. ]

Ancol vion “Inga tii

fs GILL vo)

\ COLLE OAS. /
. MaRS itz
sonal Muse

EDINBURGH:
PUBLISHED BY ROBERT GRANT & SON, 107 PRINCES STREET,
AND WILLIAMS & NORGATE. 14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.

MDCCCCXIII,

Price Hight Shillings,

FG yaeer v
PPPS eS tee
ae

II.—The Antarctic Fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. By
C. Tate Regan, M.A., Assistant in the British Museum (Natural History). Com-
municated by Dr W. 8. Brucr. (With Eleven Plates and Six Text-figs.)

(MS, received June 18, 1912. Read December 16, 1912. Issued separately May 23, 1913.)

Our knowledge of the Antarctic fish-fauna has greatly increased during the last
ten years. The Belgian expedition to Graham Land (1897-1899) was followed by
that of the Southern Cross to Victoria Land (1898-1900), fitted out by Sir GroreE
Newnes. Next were the British expedition of the Discovery to Victoria Land and
Edward Land (1901-1904), the German voyage of the Gauss to Kerguelen and Wilhelm
Land (1901-1903), and NorpENsKJOLD’s Swedish expedition to South Georgia, the South
Shetlands, and Graham Land. Then came the voyage of the Scotia to the South
Orkneys and Coats Land (1902-1904), and Cuarcor’s expeditions to the Palmer
Archipelago and Graham Land in the Frangais (1904-1905) and the Powrquor Pas ?
(1908-1910), and finally SHACKLETON’s expedition (1908-1909).

The fishes collected during these expeditions have been described in a series of
reports, which may be enumerated in chronological order :—

1902. BounencEr, Pisces in “ Southern Cross” Collections, pp. 174-189, pls. xi.-xvili.

1904. Donuo, Rés. Voy. “ Belgica” : Poissons, 240 pp., 12 pls.

1905. Loynperc, “The Fishes of the Swedish South Polar Expedition,” Wéssensch. Ergebn.
Schwedisch, Siidpolar-Exped., v. 6, 69 pp., 5 pls.

1906. Vaituant, Expéd. Antarct. Francaise: Poissons, 51 pp.

1907. Boutmnerr, National Antarctic Expedition, Nat. Hist.: I1., Fishes, 5 pp., 2 pls.

1911. Watre, “ Antarctic Fishes,” in British Antarctic Kapedition, 1907-9: Biology, pp. 11-16,
oll sui,

1912. beeen “Die Fische der Antarktis und Subantarktis,” in Deutsche Svidpolar-Exped.,
1901-1903: XIIL., Zool., v. pp. 163-182, pls. ix.-x.

Dr Dotto presented several preliminary notes in the Proceedings of the Royal Society
of Edinburgh * on the fishes of the Scottish National Antaretic Expedition.

The fishes of the second Charcot expedition have been worked out by Professor
Route, who has published two preliminary notes (C.R. Acad. Sct. Paris, clii., 1911, pp.
80-81, and Bull. Mus. Paris, 1911, pp. 276-281), but the final report has not yet appeared.

The important collection of fishes here reported on was made at the Falkland Islands,
the South Orkneys, Coats Land, and Gough Island, and in the Weddell Sea and South
Atlantic Ocean between these localities. As will be seen from the systematic list that
follows, it includes examples of forty-eight species, ten of which are now described as
new to science, whilst three others, known before but wrongly identified, are diagnosed
and given new specific names; in addition, four species have already been described by

* Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxvi., 1906, p. 172 ; xxviii., 1908, p. 58; xxix., 1909, p. 316.
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 30
\

230 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

Dr. Dotto, in whose hands the greater part of the collection has been from 1905 until
March 1912.

The identification of the Notothenioids and Zoarcids has proved a difficult matter in
the present state of our knowledge of these groups, and | have supplemented my report
by a monograph of the former and a revision of the southern genera of the latter ;
further, I have added some notes on the Galaxiidee and Haplochitonidee, as their distri-
bution has given rise to some discussion.

My work on the Notothenioids and Zoarcids is mainly based on the specimens in the
British Museum, including the Hrebus and Terror, Challenger, Southern Cross and
Discovery collections, but I have been greatly helped by the loan of specimens from
the Museums at Paris, Berlin, and Stockholm. ‘hus I have been able to examine all
the species of Notothenia recorded by Vattuant from Graham Land, two of the three
species of Zoarcids recently described by Pappennreim from Wilhelm Land, and
co-types of some of the Notothenioids described by Lonnperc. For their kindness
in sending me these fishes, and in giving me information about others that could not
be sent, I heartily thank Dr PELLEGRIN, Dr PappENnHeErM, and Dr LONNBERG.

It need hardly be said that the fishes lend no support to the theory of bipolarity.
Most of the littoral fishes belong to the Nototheniidze and related families, which are
characteristic of and peculiar to the Antarctic seas and the region immediately to the
north of them; there are also several species of Zoarcidee, generically distinct from
the northern members of the family. Some of the pelagic and abyssal fishes are
Notothenioids peculiar to the Antarctic region ; others also, such as Notolepis, Cynoma-
crurus, and Hugnathosaurus, may not be found elsewhere; but the rest belong to
widely distributed genera (Synaphobranchus, Bathylagus, Myctophum, ete.) or even
species (e.g. Cyclothone microdon).

In the whole paper the following seven new genera and twenty-one new species
are described :—

New GENERA.
Kugnathosaurus, p. 234, | Crossolycus, p. 247.
Ophthalmolycus, p. 243. Payetopsis, p. 286.

Austrolycichthys, p. 244. Chenocephalus, p. 287.
Austrolycus, p. 245

New SPEcins.

Bathylagus glacialis, p. 231. Bovichthys angustifrons, p. 255.
Hugnathosaurus vorax, p. 234. | 5 chilensis, p. 256.
Synaphobranchus australis, p. 235 | i decipiens, p. 257.
Chalinura ferrieri, p. 236. Trematomus loennbergii, p. 263.

5 whitsont, p. 236, Notothenia trigramma, p. 266.
Cesioperca coatsit, }). 237. so ramsayt, p. 267.
Neophrynichthys marmoratus, p. 241. | wiltont, p. 268.
Lycenchelys antarcticus, p. 242. a vaillanti, p. 272.
Austrolycus depressiveps, p. 245, Chenichthys rugosus, p. 287.
Crossolycus chilensis, p. 247. Cryodraco pappenheimi, p. 289.
Cottoperca macrophthalma, p. 253.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 231

I. ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC FISHES COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ Scorra.” *

SELACHII.

RalpD&.

1. Rava magellanica, Steind. (PI. L)
Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vi., 1905, p. 212.

One specimen from Station 346, Burdwood Bank, depth 56 fathoms; taken on
Ist December 1905. Lat. 54° 25’ S., long. 57° 32’ W. ; temperature 41°8° F.

This is a female of exactly the same size as STEINDACHNER’S type, and apparently in
every way similar, except that there is only a single scapulary spine, instead of a series
of three on each side.

This species is related to R. murray, Giinth., from Kerguelen, but has a blunter
snout, a shorter tail, and somewhat different spination.

ISOSPONDYLI.

CLUPEID&.

2. Clupea fuegeisis, Jenyns.

Zool. “ Beagle,” Fish., p. 1383 (1842); Smitt, Bihang. Svensk. Vet.-Akad., xxiv., 1898, iv., No. 5,

p. 59, pl. v. fig. 41
Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length. Lower jaw very prominent; minute teeth in
a single series on the palatines and in an elongate patch on the tongue. Dorsal 17-18 ;
origin equidistant from anterior edge of eye and base of caudal fin. Anal 17-20.
Origin of pelvics vertically below that of dorsal. About 50 scales in a longitudinal

series ; ventral scutes not prominent.

Several specimens, up to 170 mm. in total length, taken at Station 118, Port
Stanley, Falkland Islands, in February 1904, when extraordinary shoals of this herring

visited Port Stanley Harbout.

ARGENTINID&.
3. Bathylagus glacialis, sp. n. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)

Depth of body 6 to 63 in the length, length of head 41 to 4. Diameter of eye
21 to 21 in the length of head, interocular width 3, interorbital width 6. Dorsal 10 ;
origin nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal. Anal 18. Pelvics 8-rayed,
inserted below middle of dorsal. About 35 scales in a longitudinal series.

* A series of nine water-colour drawings made by Mr Curnperrtson for the most part represent fishes from Scotia
Bay, South Orkneys, viz. Notolepis coatsii, Harpagifer bispinis, Trematomus newnesii, Notothenia coriiceps, N. nudifrons,
and N, gibberifrons: there is also a sketch of Lycenchelys antarcticus. In one or two cases I have referred to these
in the text.

232 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

There are five examples of this new species, 70 to 100 mm. in total length :—

1. Station 398, 68° 25’S., 27° 10’ W., 1 to 1000 fathoms; surface temperature
30° F.; vertical net ; 29th February 1904.
2. Station 422; 68° 32’ S., 12° 49’ W., 0 to 800 fathoms; surface temperature
31°1° F.; temperature at 800 fathoms 32°4° F. ; vertical net ; 23rd March
1904.
3. Station 414, 71° 50’ S., 23° 30’ W., 0 to 1000 fathoms; surface temperature
29:1° F.; vertical net; 15th March 1904.
4, Station 417, 71° 22’ &, 16° 34’ W., 1410 fathoms; temperature at 1410
fathoms 31°9° F.; trawl; 18th March 1904.
5. Station 418, 71° 32’ &., 17° 15’ W., 1221 fathoms; temperature at 1221
fathoms 31°9° F.; trawl; 19th March 1904.
Bathylagus antarcticus, Giinth., is distinguished by the less graceful form (depth
5 in the length) and the longer anal fin with 22 rays. Bathylagus gracilis, another
Antarctic species recently described by LONNBERG, has the interorbital space very
narrow and deeply concave, and about 41 scales in a longitudinal series.
Other species of Bathylagus have been described from the South Atlantic (GUNTHER,
LonnBERG), the North Atlantic (Goopr and Bran), and the North Pacific (GILBER?).

GALAXIID.
4. Galaxias attenuatus, Jenyns.

Two examples from Port Stanley and Port Harriet, Falkland Islands, Station 118.

5. Galaxias maculatus, Jenyns.
Several from Port Harriet, Station 118.

HAPLOCHITONID!.
6. Haplochiton zebra, Jenyns.

One specimen from Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, in fresh water, Station 118.

STOMIATIDA.
7. Stomias boa, Risso.
One from Station 451, 48° 06’ S., 10° 5’ W., 1742 fathoms; trawl; 13th April
1904.
8. Cyclothone microdon, Giinth.
Small examples of this widely distributed species were taken at three stations, viz.—
Six at Station 450, 48° 00’ §., 9° 50’ W., 1332 fathoms; surface temperature
40°0° F.; trawl; 13th April 1904.
One at Station 422, 68° 32’ S., 12° 49’ W., 0-800 fathoms ; temperature at 800
fathoms 32°4° F.; vertical net; 23rd March 1904.
Four at Station 414, 71° 50’ S., 28° 30’ W., 0-1000 fathoms; surface tempera-
ture 29°1° F.; vertical net; 15th March 1904.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 233

INIOMI.
SupIp&.
9. Notolepis coats, Dollo.
Proc. Roy. Soe. Edin., xxviii., 1908, p. 58.

Prymnothonus (part.), Giinth., ‘* Challenger” Pelagic Fish, p. 39, pl. v. fig. D (1889).
" Hookeri (non Richards.), Dollo, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxvii., 1907, p. 35.

Depth of body 6% in the length, length of head 5; snout half the length of head ;
diameter of eye 64 in the length of head. Teeth rather small, pointed, uniserial, in
jaws and on palatines. Dorsal 8; origin nearly equidistant from head and base of
caudal; adipose fin rather long and low. Anal 28. Caudal with numerous procurrent rays.
Pectorals narrow, about 4 length of head. Vent below anterior part of dorsal. Scales
deciduous. Myotomes 82, 34 in advance of dorsal fin. Silvery white; back bluish.

It is with some difficulty that I have put together the above description of the type of
the species, 105 mm. in total leneth, taken at the surface in Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.
The specimen is in very bad condition,* and everything that one touches falls off;
hence it is not surprising that I cannot see the small pelvic fins described by Douto.

In a paper on the classification of the Iniomi (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vii., 1911,
pp. 120-183) I have already called attention to the fact that Douo’s family Paralepide
is not a natural group, and that Notolepis differs from Paralepis apparently only in
the greater length of the adipose fin, a character of very slight importance to anyone
familiar with the species of Siluroids.

Larval and post-larval examples of this species that I have examined are :—

1.—44 mm. ; 62° 26’S., 95° 44’ KE. Challenger collection.
2.—50 mm. ; at Station 422, 68° 32’ S., 12° 49’ W., 10-800 fathoms; tempera-
ture at 800 fathoms 32°4° F.; 23rd March 1904. Scotza collection.
3-5.—38 to 56 mm.; at Station 414, 71° 50’ S., 33° 30’ W., 0-1000 fathoms ;
surface temperature 29°1° F.; 15th March 1904. Scotza collection.
Except that the teeth are relatively stronger and the eye larger, specimens | and 2
are extremely similar to the type, and agree with it in the number of fin-rays and
of myotomes ; I cannot find any pelvic fins, nor ascertain the position of the vent, but
the eight-rayed dorsal fin is distinet in both.

Specimens 3 to 5 are the ones described by Dotto as Prymnothonus hookerv; these
evidently belong to the same species as the other examples, with which the larger one
agrees in the head, dentition, and approximate number of myotomes. In the smaller
ones the head is relatively smaller and the snout shorter. I am unable to make out
the fins, or position of vent, and I am very doubtful as to whether the so-called
embryonic anal fringe is an actual structure present in the living fish.

Dr Dotto named this species in honour of the late Mr James Coats, junr., of Paisley,
whose generosity was the chief means of assuring the dispatch of the Scottish National
Antarctic Expedition.

* This is regrettable, as this specimen was originally so perfectly preserved and was brought home in perfect
condition, and was acknowledged to have been received by Dr Doxio “en bon etat.”—W.S. B., Editor.

\

234 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

MycropHip&.
10. Myctophum antareticum, Giinth.
Specimens were taken at :—

Station 309, 63° 51’ S., 41° 50’ W., 2300 fathoms; temperature 31:05° F. ;
trawl; 16th Mareh 1903.

Station 414, 71° 50’ S., 23° 30’ W., 0-1000 fathoms; surface temperature
29'1° F.; vertical net; 15th March 1904.

Station 422, 68° 32’ S., 12° 49’ W., 0-800 fathoms; surface temperature
32°7° F. ; temperature at 800 fathoms 32°4°; vertical net ; 23rd March 1904.

11. Lampanyctus brauert, Lonnberg.

One specimen was taken at Station 420, lat. 69° 33’ S., 15° 19’ W., 2620 fathoms,
by the trawl, on 21st March 1904; temperature 315° KF. The species was previously
known only from the type.

ALEPIDOSAURIDA.
Hugnathosaurus, gen. nov.

Skull very elongate and strongly compressed, with the upper surface somewhat
convex, bearing a fairly prominent median ridge. Snout and lower jaw much produced,
each ending ina fleshy appendage ; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; suspensorium
directed obliquely forward. ‘Teeth pointed, uniserial; preemaxillary teeth minute ;
mandibulary teeth sub-conical, erect or somewhat retrorse, strongest in the middle of
the length of the jaw, more spaced posteriorly ; palatine teeth strong, compressed,
curved somewhat: forward.

12. Hugnathosaurus vorax, sp. 0.

The type of this remarkable new genus and species is a head, measuring 150 mm.
in length from tip of snout to end of operculum, taken in the trawl on 18th March 1904,

Fic. 1.—Eugnathosaurus vorax.

at Station 417, in lat. 71° 22’S., long. 16° 34’ W., off Coats Land, ata depth of 1410
fathoms, by the trawl; temp. 31°9° F, That it is related to Alepidosaurus is evident,

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 235

but the form of the skull, the produced jaws, and the different mandibulary and palatine
dentition distinguish it from that genus; the antrorse palatine teeth are especially
peculiar.

The dentaries of a second specimen were taken at the same locality.

APODES.

SYNAPHOBRANCHID&.

13. Synaphobranchus australis, sp. n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)
4

Synaphobranchus bathybius (part.), Giinth., “ Challenger” Deep-Sea Fish, p. 254 (1887).

The Challenger specimen, 350 mm. in total length, was taken midway between the
Cape of Good Hope and Kerguelen, at a depth of 1375 fathoms, The Scotva example
was obtained on 13th April 1904, at Station 451, in 48° 06’8., 10° 5’ W., at a depth
of 1742 fathoms, and measures a total length of 470 mm. The species belongs to
the sub-genus Histiobranchus, Gill, which includes also S. bathybius, Giinth., and
S. infernalis, Gill. All three are closely related, differing as follows :—

Kye nearer to end of snout than to angle of mouth; origin of dorsal above base of
pectoral, its distance from end of snout rather less than } that from end of
snout to vent. ; : : : ; , : . bathybius.

Eye about equidistant from snout and angle of mouth; origin of dorsal above
posterior part of pectoral, its distance from end of snout somewhat more than
+ that from end of snout to vent : ; . . amfernalis.

Eye about equidistant from snout and angle of mouth; origin of dorsal a little
behind end of pectoral, its distance from end of snout about 24 in that from

end of snout to vent . : : : , } . , . australis.

ANACANTHINI.

Macrurip&.
Four species of this family were obtained by the Scotva in Antarctic seas, all belong-
ing to the sub-family Macrurine (cf. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), x1., 1908, pp. 459-466),
and to genera with the teeth in the lower jaw uniserial.

14. Nematonurus lecointer, Dollo.
Rés. Voy. “ Belgica,” Poiss., p. 44, pl. vii. (1904) ; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxix, 1909, p. 488.

The type was taken in 70° 40’ S., 102° 15’ W., depth 1526 fathoms. The Scotia
examples are from : (1) Station 313, 62° 10’S., 41° 20’ W., 1775 fathoms ; temperature
31:0° F.; trawl; 18th March 1903. (2) Station 451, 48° 06’ S., 10° 05’ W., 1742
fathoms; 13th April 1904.

236 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

The preemaxillary teeth are biserial, except posteriorly, where the inner series is

replaced by three, forming a narrow band.

15. Chalinura ferriert, sp. n. (PI. IL. fig. 1.)

Snout rather strongly produced (for a Chalinura); mouth wide, the maxillary
nearly reaching the vertical from posterior edge of eye; infraorbital ridge fairly
prominent. Diameter of eye less than length of snout, 45 in length of head; inter-
orbital width 4. Dorsal II 9; distance from second dorsal a little more than } the
length of head. Origin of anal at distance from head equal to length of head without
snout. Pectoral 18 or 19-rayed, 2 the length of head, extending to above origin of
anal. Pelvics 11-rayed, the outermost ray filamentous, reaching anal. Scales mostly
with 8 parallel series of spinules, but the lateral series sometimes reduced to a single
spine, or absent; 8 scales between dorsal fin and lateral line.

A single specimen, 230 mm. in total length, from Station 417, 71° 22’ S., 16° 34’ W.,
1410 fathoms, off Coats Land; temperature at 1400 fathoms 31°9° F.; trawl; 18th
March 1904.

This species is named after James G. Ferrier, Esq., F.R.S.G.8., Hon. Secretary of
the Scotia Committee.

16. Chalinura whitsoni, sp. n. (PI. IL. fig. 2.)

Snout rather produced (for a Chalinura); maxillary extending to below posterior
margin of pupil; infraorbital ridge prominent. Diameter of eye more than length of
snout, 24 to 34 in length of head; interorbital width 4 to 43. Dorsal II 9-10; dis-
tance from second dorsal + the length of head. Origin of anal at distance from head
equal to length of head without snout. Pectoral 18-19-rayed. Pelvic 9-rayed, the
outermost ray filamentous, not reaching anal. Scales with 1 series of spinules, but
some on sides of head with 3 series converging anteriorly ; 7 scales between dorsal fin
and lateral line.

Two specimens :—

1. 420 mm.; Station 451, 48° 6’ 8., 10° 5’ W., 1742 fathoms; trawl; 13th
April 1904,

2. 270 mm.; Station 417, 71° 22’ S., 16° 34’ W., 1410 fathoms, off Coats Land ;
temperature at 1400 fathoms 31°9° F.; trawl; 18th March 1904.

This species is named after 'T. B. Wuuitson, Esq., C.A., Hon. Accountant of the
Scotia Committee.

17. Cynomacrurus piriei, Dollo. (PI. III. fig. 1.)
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxix., 1909, p. 316.

The type of the genus and species, a specimen of 300 mm., was obtained by the
Scotia at Station 414, 71° 50/8., 28° 30’ W., in a depth 0—1000 fathoms, surface tempera-
ture 31°5° F., vertical net, on 15th February 1904. The dentition is very characteristic ;
in the preemaxillaries a narrow band of unequal teeth separated by an interspace from a

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 237

marginal series of small teeth with a strong pair of antero-lateral canines; in the lower
jaw teeth strong, spaced, unequal, uniserial.

Other important characters are the large terminal mouth with lateral cleft, the
absence of a barbel, the small eye, and the slender, smooth dorsal spine. The pelvic fins
are 7-rayed, and in counting 12 Dr DotLo must have reckoned divided rays as two.

This species was named by Dr Dotto after Dr J. H. Harvey Pirr, bacteriologist,
geologist, and surgeon of the Scotia.

PERCOMORPHI.
SERRANID&.
18. Cxsioperca coatsi, sp. n. (Pl. VI. fig. 1.)

Depth of body 2% to 34 in the length, length of head 2 to 3. Diameter of eye 24
to 25 in length of head, interorbital width 44 to 5. Interorbital region flat; maxillary
extending to below middle of eye; 21 to 24 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal X, 15-18; third or fourth spine longest, nearly twice as long as last, 2 to 4
length of head. Anal III 8; second spine longest, as long as or longer than longest
dorsal spine. Pectoral shorter than head, asymmetrical, the rays increasing to the
tenth, counting from above, or seventh, from below. Caudal truncate. About 40 scales
in a lateral longitudinal series and 45 in the lateral line, which forms an angle on the
caudal peduncle. Pale reddish brown, with traces of alternating darker and paler longi-
tudinal bands ; upper half of spinous dorsal blackish, or with a series of blackish spots.

Gough Island. Several specimens, up to 135 mm. in total length, taken at Station
461, 40° 20’ S., 9° 56’ W., off Gough Island, at a depth of 100 fathoms; surface
temperature 54°5° F.; trawl; 23rd April 1904.

This species is of considerable interest, as its three congeners are found on the coasts
of South Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. These are distinguished by their
longer pectoral and emarginate caudal fins, and by the convex interorbital region; but
Iam unable to find any characters which would justify the establishment of a new
genus for the new species. The pectoral fin of C. rasor is almost as asymmetrical, and
I find that the flatness of the interorbital region of C. coatsi? is not associated with any
difference in the essential structure of the frontal bones, which are, as in C. lepidoptera,
smooth and convex posteriorly, and anteriorly consist of a pair of supraorbital flanges
and of a median depression bordered by muciferous canals.

I have pleasure in naming this species after Major AnpREw Coats, D.S.O., a
member of the Scotia Committee, a most generous donor to the funds of the Scottish
National Antarctic Expedition, and himself a polar explorer.

ATHERINIDA.
19. Basilichthys laticlavia, Cuv. and Val.
Several small specimens from Station 118, Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands,

Himes by bil’ Wis shore:
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 31

238 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

ZOARCIDA.
20. Lluocates fimbriatus, Jenyns.

Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, 51° 41’ 8., 57° 51’ W.; shore.

21. Austrolycus depressiceps, Regan.
Several small specimens from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, 51° 41’8.,
57° 51’ W.; shore. This species is described on p. 245.

22. Phucocates latitans, Jenyns.

Four small specimens from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, 51° 41’ S.,
57° 51’ W.: shore.

23. Lycenchelys antarcticus, Regan.

This new species is described on p. 242, froma single specimen from Station 313,
62° 10’ 8., 41° 20’ W.; depth 1775 fathoms; temperature 31:0° F.; trawl; 18th
March 1908.

BroruLip&.
24. Neobythites brucei, Dollo. (PI. ILI. fig. 2.)
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxvi., 1906, p. 172.

Depth of body 63 in the length, length of head 5, or 1? in its distance from origin
of anal. Diameter of eye 13 in length of head, equal to width of posterior nostril ;
maxillary extending well behind eye; palatine bands of teeth broad; no preopercular
spines; gillmembranes united for a short distance to each other and to isthmus;
15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. About 125 scales in a longitudinal series.
Dorsal 108; origin behind base of pectoral. Anal 86. Pectoral nearly as long as
head; pelvics 2 the length of head, 2-rayed, each ray simple, expanded distally into an
ovate blade.

The type, 350 mm. in total length, was taken at Station 291, 67° 33’S., 36° 35’ W.;
depth 2500 fathoms; trawl; 7th March 1903.

From most species of Neobythites this species differs in the gill-membranes attached
to the isthmus and the oar-shaped pelvic rays, and I should be inclined to recognise
GARMAN’s genus Holcomycteronus for this species and N. digittatus, had not GaRMAN
stated that the form of the pelvic rays is variable in the latter.

This species was named by Dr Dotto after Dr W. 8. Bruce, leader of the Scottish
National Antarctic Expedition.

BovicHTHYID&.
25. Cottoperca gobio, Giinth.
Station 349, 51° 41’ S., 57° 51’ W., Port William, Falkland Islands; shore.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 239

26. Cottoperca macrophthalma, Regan.
At Station 346, 54° 25’ S., 57° 32’ W., Burdwood Bank; 56 fathoms; surface
temperature 41°8° F.; otter trawl; Ist December 1903. This new species is described

on p. 253.
27. Bovichthys diacanthus, Carmich.

A specimen of 120 mm. from Gough Island. On comparison with Chilian examples
of the species usually known as B. diacanthus, I find that they are distinct (cf. p. 256).

NoroTHENIID®.
28. Harpagifer bispinis, Forst.
Several examples from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, and Station 325,
Scotia Bay, South Orkneys—the latter a new record of locality for this species.

29. Trematomus newnesii, Bouleng.

Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

30. Trematomus borchgrevinki, Bouleng.

Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

31. Trematomus bernacchii, Bouleng.

Station 325, South Orkneys.

32. Trematomus hansoni, Bouleng.
Station 411, Coats Land, 161 fathoms.

33. Notothenia trigramma, Regan.

This new species, from Station 118, at the Falkland Islands, is described on p, 266.

34. Notothenia ramsayr, Regan.

This new species, from Station 346, the Burdwood Bank, is described on p. 267.

35. Notothenia tesselata, Richards.
Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

36. Notothenia wiltons, Regan.

Examples of this new species, described on p. 268, were taken by the Scotia at
Station 118, Port Stanley, Falklands, and at Station 346, the Burdwood Bank.

37. Notothenia brevicauda, Lonnb.

Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

‘\

240 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

38. Notothenia sima, Richards.

Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

39. Notothenia gibberifrons, Lonnb.

Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

40. Notothenia nudifrons, Lonnb.

Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

41. Nototheniw coriiceps, Richards.

South Orkneys ; common at Station 325, Scotia Bay.

42. Notothenia cornucola, Richards.

Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

43. Notothenia rossi, Richards.

Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

44. Eleginops maclovinus, Cuv. and Val.

Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

BATHYDRACONID A.
45. Bathydraco scotix, Dollo.

Station 417, 71° 22’S., 16° 34’ W., off Coats Land, at a depth of 1410 fathoms.
This species is described on p. 282.

SCLEROPAREI.

ScORPANIDAER.

46. Sebastes maculatus, Cuy. and Val.

Specimens from Station 461, Gough Island, at 25 fathoms and 100 fathoms, the
latter with Cesvoperca coatsi.

47. Sebastes capensis, Gmel.

~

A small specimen taken at Station 461, Gough Island, with the preceding; both
these species are found at the Cape of Good Hope.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 241

PsyYCHROLUTID.

48. Neophrynichthys marmoratus, sp. 0.
Neophrynichthys latus (non Hutton), Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 20, pl. i.

In this species the dermal appendages on the head and anterior part of the body are
much larger and set further apart than in NV. /atus. Another striking difference is the
narrower interorbital region, its width measuring only + of the length of the head in
N. marmoratus, but 2? in its congener from New Zealand. The dorsal rays number
IX—X, 15-16, the anal 11 or 12; the caudal is more rounded than in JN. latus.

The irregular marbling gives this fish a very different appearance from the New
Zealand form, with its definite pale spots separated by a brown network.

Three specimens, two in the British Museum collection, from the Straits of
Magellan, 320 and 390 mm. in total length, and one of 160 mm. obtained by the Scotia
at Station 346, 54° 25’ S., 57° 32’ W., Burdwood Bank, 56 fathoms; surface
temperature 41°8° F.; otter trawl; 1st December 1903.

II. A Revision oF THE ZoarcIpa oF SoUTHERN AMERICA AND THE ANTARCTIC.

The Zoarcidz are principally a northern family, and so far as I am aware none is
known from South Africa, Australia, or New Zealand. ‘Two northern deep-water genera,
Lycenchelys and Melanostigma, are represented in the Antarctic Regions, but the littoral
species, with those of South America and the adjacent islands, all belong to genera
distinct from the northern ones.* There has hitherto been much confusion as to the
characters of these genera and species, which it is the object of this revision to clear up.

Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Pelvic fins present ; mouth subterminal.
A. Snout and lower jaw without fringes.
1. Origin of dorsal fin well behind base of pectoral ; gill-opening cleft
downward nearly or quite to lower end of base of pectoral.
Teeth uniserial or biserial in jaws, uniserial on palatines; tail long and

slender. ; : : ; : : . 1. Lycenchelys.
Teeth in jaws triserial ; two teeth near anterior end of each palatine ; tail
moderately elongate . ; : : : . 2. Ophthalmolycus.

2. Origin of dorsal fin above base or anterior part of pectoral; gill-
opening cleft downward at least to middle of base of pectoral.
a. Mouth large, with wide lateral cleft ; gill-opening cleft down-
wards almost or quite to lower end of base of pectoral ;
teeth in jaws uniserial, with anterior canines in the upper

and lateral canines in the lower.

* The habitat of Gymnelis pictus, Giinth., is unknown, and there is no justification whatever for the statement
that it comes from Magellan Straits,

242 MR C. TATE REGAN ON 'THE

Teeth on vomer and palatines ; . 3. Lluocates.
Palate toothless . : : : : 4. Lycodichthys.

b. Mouth moderate, with ane ee cleft; teeth in jaws
uniserial laterally, usually bi- or tri-serial anteriorly ; no
well marked canines ; teeth on palate.

Head not depressed ; gill-opening cleft downward neatly to lower end of
base of pectoral : : : ; . 5. Austrolycichthys.
Head depressed ; gill-opening oleft downward only to middle of base of
pectoral . : : : : . 6. Austrolycus.
3. Origin of dorsal fin above base of pectoral; gill-opening small,
above the pectoral ; teeth in upper jaw uniserial, in lower bi-
or tri-serial; teeth on palate. . . 7. Phucocetes.

B. Snout and lower jaw with dermal fringes ; palate toothless.
Teeth conical, bi- or tri-serial; gill-opening almost entirely above the
pectoral . ; ; : : : . 8. Crossolycus.
Teeth incisor-like, uniserial ; valle -opening cleft downward to middle of
base of pectoral , A ; ; : : : . 9. Platea.
Il. No pelvic fins; mouth terminal; origin of dorsal just behind head; teeth

uniserial, in jaws and on vomer and palatines.

Gill-opening cleft downward to middle of base of pectoral —. 10. Maynea.
Gill opening above base of pectoral ; . LL. Melanostigma.

1. Lycenchelys, Gill, 1884.
Proc, Acad. Philad., p. 110.

Form elongate, with the tail long and slender; mouth subterminal; teeth in jaws
slender, uni- or bi-serial ; teeth on vomer ; palatine teeth uniserial. Gill-opening rather
wide, cleft downwards to lower end of base of pectoral. Dorsal origin well behind head ;

pelvic fins present.
Lycenchelys antarcticus, sp. n. (Pl. IX. fig. 3.)

Depth of body 16 in the length, length of head 6 and equal to its distance from
origin of anal fin. Head as broad as deep, its breadth a little more than 4 its length.
Snout twice as long as diameter of eye, which is 6 in length of head; interorbital
width about 16. Muciferous channels of sides of head and lower jaw with large pores.
Lower jaw included; teeth in jaws rather slender and obtuse, uniserial, biserial near
symphysis of lower jaw; teeth on palate acute, wide-set. About 110 rays in dorsal
fin, 9 in caudal, 108 in anal; origin of anal 4 as distant from vertical through origin
of dorsal as from that through base of pectoral, which fin is a little more than } as long
as head. Bluish grey ; head darker; fins brownish orey.

A single specimen, 128 mm. in Rell length, from near the South Orkneys, Station

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION, 243

318, 62° 10’ S., 41° 20’ W., depth 1775 fathoms; bottom temperature 31:0° F. ;
trawl; 18th March 1903.

The few species of this genus hitherto described are from deep water north of the
Equator.

2. Ophthalmolycus, gen. nov.

Form elongate, compressed. Mouth subterminal; teeth rather slender and acute,
in about 3 series in both jaws; no canines; 3 teeth on vomer and 2 near anterior end
of each palatine. Gill-opening rather wide, cleft downwards nearly to lower end of
base of pectoral. Dorsal origin well behind head ; pelvic fins present.

Ophthalmolycus macrops.
Lycodes macrops, Giinth., ‘‘ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 21, pl. xi. fig. B (1880).

Depth of body 114 in the length, length of head 54. Diameter of eye 34 in length
of head and 7 times interorbital width. Maxillary nearly reaching vertical from
posterior margin of eye. About 90 rays in the dorsal fin, 80 in the anal, and 10 in
the caudal. Origin of dorsal above posterior 4 of pectoral ; origin of anal a head-length
behind the head. Pectoral less than 4 the length of head. Yellowish; 9 broad dark-
brown cross-bars on back, extending on to dorsal fin; a series of brown spots on the
side, alternating with the bars; a brown band from eye to operculum.

Straits of Magellan, 40 to 140 fathoms,

Here described from the type, 135 mm. in total length.

Lycodes concolor, Roule (Bull. Mus. Paris, 1911, p. 280) may belong to this genus.
D. 73; A. 68. Coloration uniform.

3. Iluocetes, Jenyns, 1842.
Zool. ‘* Beagle,” Fish., p. 165.

Head about as broad as deep; body compressed; mouth subterminal, with wide
lateral cleft; teeth conical, uniserial in jaws, in a patch on the vomer and a single
series on the palatines; 1 or 2 pairs of canines at the symphysis of the upper jaw ;
1 or 2 teeth on each side of lower jaw enlarged, canine-like. Gull-opening cleft
downward to lower end of base of pectoral. Dorsal origin just behind head; pelvic
fins present.

Tluoceetes fimbriatus.
Jenyns, t.c., p. 166, pl. xxix. fig. 2.
Lycodes variegatus, Giinth., Cat. Fish., iv. p. 322 (1868).
Phucocetes varieyatus effusus, Smitt, Bihang Svensk. Vet.-Akad., xxiv., 1898, iv., No. 5, p. 43,
pl. v. fig. 32.
Phucocetes variegatus micropus, Smitt, l.c., pl. v. fig. 33.

Depth of body 8 to 11} in the length, length of head 4} to 53. Diameter of eye

4 to 54 in length of head, 3 or 4 times the interorbital width. Maxillary extending to

below posterior margin of eye. Dorsal with 80 to 85 rays, anal with 65 to 70, caudal

‘\

244 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

with about 10. Origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, of anal about a head-length
behind head. Pectoral 2 to 2 the length of head. Head, body, and fins spotted and
marbled ; sometimes cross-bars on the body ; a more or less distinct band from snout to
eye and eye to operculum ; a series of blackish spots at margin of dorsal and anal.

Falkland Islands; Magellan Straits ; Chile.

Here described from specimens from the Falkland Islands, 80 to 130 mm. in total
length, including the types of Lycodes variegatus and two obtained by the Scotia at
Station 118, Port Stanley.

I am indebted to Mr L. Doncasrer for the loan of JENYNs'etype; the appearance
of some of the mucous canals as free fringing tubes is due to the bad state of preserva-
tion of the specimen.

Smirr’s Phucocetes variegatus elongatus (t.c., p. 44, pl. v. fig. 34) seems to be a
distinct species, with the head 3 of the distance from operculum to origin of anal.

4. Lycodichthys, Pappenheim, 1911.
Sitzungsb. Gresellsch. Naturf. Freunde, 1911, p. 382.

Closely related to J/wocetes, differing especially in the toothless palate; teeth
uniserial; anterior pair in upper jaw enlarged; lateral teeth of lower jaw spaced,
canine-like.

Lycodichthys antarcticus.
Pappenheim, ¢.c., p. 383, and Deutsche Sudpolar-Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 180, pls. ix. fig. 6 and x. fig. 4.

Depth of body 8 or 9 in the length; length of head 5 to 53. Diameter of eye
5 to 6 in length of head. Maxillary extending to below posterior margin of eye or a
little beyond. Dorsal with 85 to 90 rays, anal with about 65, caudal with about 10.
Origin of dorsal a little behind base of pectoral, of anal 1 to 14 head-lengths behind
head. Pectoral } the length of head. Head, body, and fins spotted or marbled.

Wilhelm Land.

Here described from two co-types, 160 and 200 mm. in total length.

5. Austrolycichthys, gen. nov.
Closely related to Austrolycus, differmg in the more compressed form, the head
being at least as deep as broad, and in the more inferiorly placed and somewhat larger
gill-openings, cleft downward nearly to the lower ends of the bases of the pectorals.

(1) Austrolycichthys brachycephalus.
Lycodes brachycephalus, Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Kxped., xiii., Zool., v., p. 179, pl. x. fig. 3.
Depth of body 8 to 104 in the length, length of head 54 to 63. ‘Tail from less than
14 to 12 as long as rest of fish. Diameter of eye 5 in the length of head. Maxillary
extending to below anterior part of eye. About 90 rays in the dorsal fin, 70 in the
anal, 10 in the caudal. Origin of dorsal above anterior part of pectoral, of anal

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 245

12 to 13 head-lengths behind head. Pectoral 3 or # the length of head. Grayish or
brownish.

Wilhelm Land, 380 metres.

Here described from two co-types, 155 and 150 mm. in total length. These differ
greatly in form and proportions, as is shown by the accompanying figures, but I cannot
doubt that they belong to the same species.

<<

Fic. 2.—Austrolycichthys brachycephalus.

(2) Austrolycichthys bothriocephalus.

Lycodes bothriocephalus, Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 178, pl. x. fig. 2.

Apparently related to the preceding species, the more slender of the two examples
of A. brachycephalus described above showing considerable resemblance to the photo-
graph of the type. But this species is said to have more numerous fin-rays, about 110
in the dorsal and 90 in the anal.

Wilhelm Land, 380 metres.

Total length of the unique type, 181 mm.

6. Austrolycus, gen. nov.

Head depressed; body compressed posteriorly. Mouth subterminal, with short
lateral cleft ; teeth conical, uniserial on sides of jaws, bi- or tri-serial anteriorly ; teeth
on vomer in a group, on palatines in a single series. Gill-opening cleft downwards to
middle of base of pectoral. Dorsal origin just behind head ; pelvic fins present.

(1) Austrolycus depressiceps, sp. n. (Pl. V. fig. 1.)
Phucoceetes latitans (non Jenyns) Giinth., Cat. Fish., iv. p. 321 (1862); Smith, Bihang Svensk.
Vet.-Akad., xxiv., 1898, iv., No. 5, p. 51, pl. v. figs. 837-39; Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., xxiv., 1899, p. 138.
Depth of body about 10 in its length, length of head 55 to 63. Diameter of eye

64 to 9 in the length of head, much less than the interocular, but nearly equal to the
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 32

246 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

interorbital width. Maxillary about reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye,
100 to 110 rays in the dorsal fin, 70 to 80 in the anal, 8 to 10 in the caudal; origin
of dorsal above base of pectoral, of anal 13 to 2 head-lengths behind head. Pectoral %
the length of head. Brownish; abdomen pale; on side of head a sharp line between
the dark brown above and pale yellow below, with the brown projecting downwards on
the cheek as a bar; a pale transverse band across nape, another above end of pectoral
extending on to dorsal fin, which may be followed by similar bands or spots.

Chile; Patagonia; Falkland Islands.

Here described from a large series of specimens measuring up to 250 mm. in total
length, including several obtained by the Scotia at Station 118, Port Stanley,
Falkland Islands.

(2) Austrolycus plater.
Lycodes (Phucoceetes) plate’, Steind., Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. iv. p. 320, pl. xix. fig. 8 (1897-98).

Evidently closely related to the preceding species, differing in that the length of
the head is $ its distance from the vent, the tail is considerably longer than the head
and trunk (only a little longer in A. depressiceps), and the coloration is different, the
body being marked with broad cross bands, the interspaces between which correspond
to the pale bands or spots on the back and dorsal fin of A. depressiceps.

Chile, Cape Espiritu Santo.

Total length 234 mm.

This may be the Phucocetes variegatus macropus of Smrtrr (Bihang Svensk. Vet.-
Akad., xxiv., 1898, iv., No. 5, p. 44, pl. v. fig. 35).

7. Phucocetes, Jenyns, 1842.*
Zool. “ Beagle,” Fish., p. 168 (1842).

Head and body compressed. Mouth subterminal; teeth conical, uniserial in upper
jaw and on palatines, bi- or tri-serial in lower jaw; anterior pair of teeth in upper jaw,
middle vomerine tooth, and 1 or 2 pairs in lower jaw more or less enlarged and canine-

like. Gill-opening small, above base of pectoral. Dorsal origin just behind head ; pelvic
fins present.

Phucocetes latitans, Jenyns, l.c., pl. xxix. fig. 3.
Lycodes flavus, Bouleng., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vi., 1900, p. 53.
Depth of body 8 to 10 in the length, length of head 6} to 7. Snout 14 as long as

diameter of eye, which is 6 to 7 in length of head, greater than interorbital width.
Lower jaw included ; maxillary extending to below posterior part of eye. Dorsal with
* GARMAN (Mom, Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv , 1899, p. 137) has described a fish from 16° N., 99° W., 660 fathoms, and

has named it Phucocwtes suspectus. It is not a Phucocwtes, nor does it seem to be congeneric with any of the
southern littoral forms.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 247

about 100 rays, anal with about 80, caudal with 5 or 6. Origin of dorsal above base of
pectoral ; pectoral 3, pelvics 4 as long as head. Brownish; upper half of head dark
brown, with a pale yellow band from eye to shoulder ; lower part of head pale yellowish.
Falkland Islands.
Here described from two specimens, 65 and 110 mm. in tota] length, the latter the
type of Z. flavus. Four small examples were obtained by the Scotia at Station 118,
Port Stanley, Falkland Isiands.

8. Crossolycus, gen. nov.

Form elongate, compressed. Snout and lower jaw with fringes. Mouth sub-
terminal; teeth in jaws conical, bi- or tri-serial; lower jaw with a posterior canine ;
palate toothless. Gill-opening almost entirely above base of pectoral. Dorsal origin
above or a little in advance of base of pectoral; pelvic fins present.

(1) Crossolycus chilensis, sp. n.
Lycodes (Iluoceetes) fimbriatus (non Jenyns) Steind., Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. iv., 1898, p. 322, pl. xx. fig. 10.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 62 in the length of the fish, Diameter of
eye 7 in length of head and equal to interorbital width. Lips thick. Dorsal 80.
Anal 60. Distance from head to origin of anal 15 the length of head. Pectoral 3 as
long as head. Head, body, and dorsal fin marbled with brown,

Chile, Cape Espiritu Santo.

STEINDACHNER’S specimen measured 252 mm.

(2) Crossolycus fasciatus.
Tluoceetes fimbriatus sub-sp. fasciatus, Lonnberg, Swedish S. Polar Exped., Pish., p. 20 (1905).

Depth of body 73 in the length, length of head 5. Diameter of eye 52 in the length
of head and equal to interorbital width. Distance from head to origin of anal 14 the
length of head. Pectoral a little more than } the length of head. Dark brown, with
5 or 6 whitish transverse bars.

Falkland Islands.

Total length 74 mm.

A specimen of 60 mm. recorded by LONNBERG from Tierra del Fuego, uniform yellow
in colour and differing somewhat in proportions, may belong to another species.

9. Platea, Steind., 1897.
Zool, Jahrb., Suppl, iv. p. 323.
Teeth in jaws uniserial, incisor-like ; palate toothless. Snout and lower jaw with
fringes. Gill-opening cleft downwards to middle of base of pectoral. Dorsal origin
above anterior part of pectoral. Pelvie fins present.

248 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

Platea insignis.
Steind., l.c., pl. xx. fig. 12.
Depth of body 143 in the length, leneth of head 72. Dorsal with about 100 rays,
anal with about 90. Body with dark spots and bars.
Chile, Cape Espiritu Santo.

Total length 265 mm.

10. Maynea, Cunningham, 1870.
Trans. Linn, Soc., xxvii. p. 471.
Gymnelichthys, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst., ii., 1885, p. 60.
Klongate, compressed. Mouth terminal ; teeth conical, uniserial, in jaws and on
vomer and palatines. Gill-opening cleft downwards to middle of base of pectoral.
Dorsal origin just behind head. No pelvie fins.

(1) Maynea patagonica.
Cunningham, /.c., p. 472; Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 881, pl. ii. figs. C and D.

Depth of body 10 or 11 in the length, length of head 62 to 74. Diameter of eye
5 to 6 in length of head; interorbital region quite narrow. Maxillary extending to
below anterior 4 or middle of eye. About 120 rays in dorsal fin, 95 in anal, 8 in
caudal. Origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, of anal 12 to 14 head-lengths behind
head. Pectoral less than } as long as head. Yellowish, with broad brown cross-
bars separated by narrower interspaces.

Patagonia; Falkland Islands.

Here described from two specimens, the type from the Otter Islands, 150 mm.
in total length, and an example of 90 mm. from the Magellan Straits.

(2) Maynea antarctica.
Gymnelichthys antarcticus, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Aust., ii.. 1885, p. 61, pl. ii. fig. 9.
Maxillary extending to below posterior magin of eye. About 97 rays in the
dorsal, 74 in the anal; origin of latter only 1} head-lengths behind the head. No
cross-bars.
South Georgia.

Total length 220 mm.

11. Melanostigma, Giinth., 1881.
Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 21.

Compressed, elongate ; skin loose, smooth, naked. Mouth terminal, oblique; teeth
uniserial, in jaws and on vomer and palatines. Gill-opening small, above base of
pectoral. Dorsal origin just behind head ; no pelvic fins.

In addition to the species described below, this genus includes a few from deep
waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 249

Melanostigma gelatinosum.
Giinth., lc.

Depth of body about 10 in the length, length of head 6. Diameter of eye 3} in
length of head, interorbital width about 12. Maxillary extending to below middle of
eye. Distance from head to origin of anal equal to leneth of head; pectoral nearly
das long as head. Sides spotted and marbled with purplish grey ; end of tail blackish ;
inside of mouth, gill-opening, and vent black.

Magellan Straits, 24 fathoms.

Here described from the type, a specimen of 140 mm.

Ill. A Monoeraru or tHE NoToTHENIIFORMES.

The division Nototheniiformes includes Percoids without pungent fin-spines, with
the spinous dorsal, when developed, shorter than the long soft dorsal and anal, the

Fic. 3.—Pectoral fin-skeleton of 1, Cottoperca gobio ; 2, Trematomus newnesti ; and 8, Notothenia coriiceps.
cl, cleithrum ; sc, hypercoracoid (scapula) ; f, foramen ; cor, hypocoracoid ; m, metacoracoid process; 1, 2, 3, radials.

principal caudal rays reduced in number (usually 14), the pectorals typically broad-
based and the pelvics jugular, separated by an interspace, and each formed of a spine
and 5 branchedrays. There is a single nostril on each side. The structure and position
of the pectoral radials is highly characteristic; they are 3 in number, rather large flat
plates ; all or 2 are inserted on the hypocoracoid, and the lowest is the narrowest and
has its lower edge in contact with the metacoracoid process. In other osteological
characters the more generalised types are very similar to the Perciformes.

\

250 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE
The group corresponds to the Nototheniidee of BouLencer and Do to, with the
addition of Pleuwragramma, which does not at all resemble Leptoseopus, and after the
exclusion of Centropercis, evidently related to Champsodon, and of Acanthaphritis
Draconetta is allied to the

(Pteropsaron), which is related to Hemerocertes.
As now

‘allionymide, and its resemblances to Hanpagifer are not due to affinity.

restricted the Nototheniiformes are characteristic of and peculiar to the Antarctic seas

° Tristan aa Corba
“Gough /s.

e Marcon Is.

o Bouvet /s.

Ss S.Sandwich. Group « Crozel ks.

S.Geonxa @

Fallized ks. eS.Orkpeys
F 2S. Shetlands (eats Enderby 6X erguelen
cerraded Qe 4 £a0d Wang oR
oe a aos H Heard IS-o
om Nig

Fermmandez

Peter /s. o

(hee ser Remy

Toes Veelors a

CAdare a
Balleny is.

e Macquarie k.

Camptell Is, H
Anti (podes Ise Auckland ls. oo"
9
Chatham 2 New Zealand.
iS. rents

Fic. 4.—Map showing the localities where Nototheniiform Fishes have been collected.

and the region immediately to the north, ranging to 8.K. Australia, New Zealand,

Chile, Argentina, Tristan da Cunha, and St Paul Island.

There is every reason to suppose that the group has always been an Antarctic one,
and seeing that it has become differentiated into four quite distinct families and into
several genera, we may perhaps infer that there has been a large cold southern ocean
throughout the greater part of the Tertiary period.

The group throws no light on the question of former extensions northward of the
Antarctic Continent ; at the present day there are littoral species common to Australia

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 251

and New Zealand (Bovichthys variegatus), to New Zealand and South America
(Notothenia macrocephala, N. cornucola), or to the Antarctic Continent and Kerguelen
(Notothenia coriiceps, Harpagifer bispinis); and if under the existing conditions
species may have this wide distribution, the fact that some are more restricted and are
separated from the most nearly related forms by wide expanses of ocean can be
explained without the theory of land-bridges.

Many of the more southern types appear to be circumpolar; for example,
Trematomus newnesii, T. borchgrevinkii, T. bernacchii, T, hansoni, T. loennbergi,
Pleuragramma antarcticum, Notothenia coriceps.

With the exception of Pseudaphrites wrvillii from the rivers of Tasmania and S.E.
Australia the Nototheniiform fishes are marine, and the great majority of them are
littoral; several have been described as frequenting the rocks and weeds, but others
prefer deeper water, the species varying in this respect like the Cottids and Gobies of
our northern seas. Fishes pertaining to four genera (Bathydraco, Gerlachea,
Racovitzaiu, Cryodraco) live in the open sea, and probably at some distance below
the surface.

Most of the fishes of this group feed on crustaceans, molluscs, ete. (cf. LONNBERG,
Fish. Swedish South Polar Exped., p. 55), but Gymnodraco and the Chaenichthyidee
are no doubt piscivorous. According to LonNBERG (/.c., p. 52) the breeding season varies,
some species probably spawning in the spring, others in the summer, others in the
autumn. The eggs are smaller in Notothenia and Trematomus than in Artedidraco
and Champsocephalus ; they are probably demersal in all, but certainly in the last two
genera.

Synopsis of the Families.

I. One radial on hypercoracoid, two on hypocoracoid ; gill-membranes separate,
free from isthmus; teeth on vomer and palatines ; mouth protractile ; snout
not produced ; a spinous dorsal fin ; 1. Bovichthyide.

II. All three radials on hypocoracoid; gill-membranes united, free or attached to
isthmus, usually forming a fold across it; palate toothless.

A. Palatine and pterygoids normally developed.
Mouth protractile; snout not produced; a spinous dorsal fin 2. Notothenude.
Mouth not protractile ; snout produced ; no spinous dorsal fin.
3. Bathydraconide.
B. Palatine in great part ligamentous ; no mesopterygoid ; mouth not protractile ;
snout produced and depressed . 4. Chenichthyrde.

Family 1. BovicuTrHy1p™.

This family includes Nototheniiformes more generalised than the rest in the presence
of bands of cardiform or villiform teeth not only in the jaws, but on the vomer and
palatines, and in the separate free gill-membranes. All other members of the group

\

252 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

have the palate toothless and the gill-membranes united, or joined to the isthmus.
The snout is not produced, the mouth is protractile, the lateral line is complete and
continuous, and a spinous dorsal fin is present. The skeleton is well ossified ; there are
2 radials on the hypocoracoid and 1 on the hypercoracoid (fig. 3, 1); the palatine and
pterygoids are normally developed. The vertebrae number 38 to 42 (13-16 + 22-29) ;
preecaudals with parapophyses from the fifth or sixth; ribs and epipleurals on parapo-
physes, when these are developed.

Littoral fishes, with one species in fresh water.

Three genera.

1, Pseudaphritis, Casteln., 1872.
Proce. Zool, Soc. Victoria, i. p. 72; Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxii., 1897, p. 559.

Body subeylindrical, fully scaled. Head small, sealy, somewhat depressed, narrowed
forward ; interorbital region flat. Teeth in bands in jaws and on vomer and _palatines ;
lower jaw projecting. Operculum normal, with a weak spine; gill-membranes not
united, free from isthmus. Origin of spinous dorsal at some cistance behind head ; rays
of all the fins branched.

S.E. Australia and Tasmania; fresh-water.

Pseudaphritis urvillir.

Aphritis urvillii, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., viii. p. 484, pl. 243 (1831): Giinth., Cat.
Fish., ii. p. 242 (1860).
Pseudaphritis bassti, Casteln., 1.c.
Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, length of head 33 to 4. Diameter of eye
54 to 7} in the length of head, interorbital width 8 to 12. Maxillary extending to
below eye; about 10 short gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII-VIII,
19-20. Anal 23-25. 60 to 65 scales in the lateral line. Body marbled ; dorsal and
caudal spotted.
Rivers from New South Wales to South Australia and Tasmania.
Here described from eight specimens, 100 to 240 mm. in total length, from South
Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania.

2. Cottoperca, Steind., 1876.
Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, 1xxii. p. 66.

Head and body compressed, fully scaled. Head large ; snout broad; interorbital
region concave. Teeth in bands in Jaws and on vomer and palatines ; lower jaw some-
what the shorter. Operculum normal, with a weak spine ; gill-membranes not united,
free fromisthmus. Spinous dorsal originating above operculum ; rays of soft dorsal and

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 253

anal unbranched; lower pectoral rays simple, more or less thickened and _ partly
free distally.
Patagonia; Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands.

(1) Cottoperca gobio. (PI. IV. fig. 3.)
Aphritis gobio, Giinth., Ann. May. Nat. Hist. (3), vii, 1861, p. 88; and “ Challenger” Shore
Fish., p. 21, pl. ix. (1880).
Cottoperca rosenbergri, Steind., Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, |xxii., 1876, p. 67, pl. v. fig. 1.

Depth of body about 4 in the length, length of head about 23. Diameter of eye
4 to 8 in the length of head, interorbital width 13 to 16. Maxillary extending to
below posterior part or posterior edge of eye; 5 or 6 short gill-rakers on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal (VI) VII, 22-28. Anal 20-23. Dorsal spines and rays increasing
in length with age, the longest varying from 4 to 3 the length of head. Pectoral
about 4 the lenoeth of head; six lowest rays simple, somewhat thickened. Caudal
subtruncate. Least depth of caudal peduncle greater than the diameter of eye, except
in quite young specimens. About 60 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, or 65 in the
lateral line, which is complete and continuous. Orange-yellow, with three broad
brownish cross-bars on upper part of body ; head and sides of body spotted and marbled
with brown.

Patagonia ; Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

Here described from nine specimens, 130 to 480 mm. in total length, from Magellan
and the Falklands, at depths varying from 6 to 147 fathoms, including the types of the
species and a specimen from Station 349, Port William, Falkland Islands, taken by the
Scotia in January 1903.

(2) Cottoperca macrophthalma, sp. n. (Pls. IV. fig. 2, and V. fig. 2.)

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head (to opercular spine) 22 to 22.
Diameter of eye 34 to 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 13 to 16. Maxillary
extending to below posterior part or margin of eye, or a little beyond. 5 to 7 short
gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII (VIII), 21-24. Anal 20-22.
In the young, first dorsal spine longest, $ the length of head and as long as soft rays ;
in the adult, fourth or fifth spine longest, sometimes } the length of head; longest soft
rays sometimes } the length of head. Other fins, scales, coloration, etc., as in C. gobio.
Least depth of caudal peduncle not more than diameter of eye.

Ten specimens from Station 346, the Burdwood Bank, south of the Falkland Islands,
54° 25’ S., 57° 32’ W., taken by the Scotia in 56 fathoms on Ist December 1903, and
three from Magellan Straits, 100 to 450 mm. in total length.

(3) Cottoperca macrocephala.
Roule, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1911, p. 277 (1912).
Hye large. Head longer and fins lower than in C. macrophthalma. Seven simple

pectoral rays. Patagonia.
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 33

254 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

3. Bovichthys, Cuv. and Val., 1831.
Hist, Nat. Poiss., viii. p. 486.
Differs from Cottoperca in the naked head and body, the abnormal operculum,

which has a very strong spine and a superior process which articulates with the post-
temporal, and in the enlarged and partly free posterior anal rays.

Fic. 5.—Distribution of Bovichthys and T'rematomus, respectively the northernmost and southernmost Nototheniiform genera.

B= Bovichthys. 1. B. variegatus; 2. B. angustifrons ; 3, B. diacanthus; 4. B. chilensis; 4a. B. sp.; 5. B. veneris ;
6. B. decipiens ; 7. B. psychrolutes ; 8. B. roseopictus.

T=Trematomus. 1. T. newnesii; 2. T. nicolat ; 3. T. borchgrevinkii ; 4. T. brachysoma ; 5. 7. vicarius ; 6. T. bernacchii ;
7. I. hansont; 8 T. loennbergit.

Note that in Bovichthys none, in Trematomus most, of the species appear to be cireumpolar.

Chile; Argentina; Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island; St Paul; S.E. Australia
and Tasmania; New Zealand and neighbouring islands.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 255

Synopsis of the Species.

[. Interorbital region distinctly concave.

Interorbital width ;1;, pectoral fin # the length of head ‘ 1. variegatus.
Interorbital width 5}, or 7's, pectoral fin 3 the length of head. 2. angustifrons.
Interorbital width ;},, pectoral fin 2 the length of head . 8, diacanthus.
IJ. Interorbital region nearly flat.

Interorbital width 4 the length of head, pectoral fin 3. : . 4. chilensis.
Interorbital width more than 4 the diameter of eye, which is + the length of

head ; pectoral extending to vent . : , : : . 5. veneris.
Interorbital width 64 in length of head ; pectoral extending well beyond origin

of anal . : ’ 6. decipiens.
Interorbital width 5 in length of head. : . 7. psychrolutes.
Interorbital width 34 in length of head . 8. roseopictus.

(1) Bovichthys variegatus.
Richards., “‘ Erebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 56, pl. xxxiv. figs. 1-4 (1846) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish.,
ii. p. 250 (1860).

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 2? to 3. Diameter of eye 4 to
4} in the length of head, interorbital width 10. Interorbital region moderately
concave; maxillary extending to below anterior $ of eye; opercular spine equal to or
less than diameter of eye; 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII—
VIII, 18-20. Anal 14-15. Pectoral ? the length of head. Caudal subtruncate.
Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Body with irregular dark cross-bars and usually
with pale spots and vermiculations ; spinous dorsal marbled, sometimes with a blackish
blotch posteriorly ; soft dorsal, caudal, and pectoral with series of dark spots ; anal
with a dark longitudinal band.

S.E. Australia; New Zealand and neighbouring islands.

Here described from six specimens, 75 to 200 mm. in total length, including the
types of the species, from New South Wales (Haslar), New Zealand (Otago Mus.,
Hutton), and Campbell Island (Southern Cross).

(2) Bovichthys angustifrons, sp. n. (PI. IV. fig. 1.)

Depth of body 4% to 5 in the length, length of head 23 to 22. Diameter of eye
4 in the length of head, interorbital width 12 or 13. Interorbital region moderately
concave; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye; opercular spine nearly as
long as diameter of eye; 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII, 19.
Anal 14. Pectoral 3 the length of head. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle longer
than deep. Dark spots on the head and blotches or bars on the body ; soft dorsal and
caudal with series of spots on the rays.

Here described from two specimens, 160 and 145 mm. in total length, the former
from Tasmania (A//port), the latter without locality (Chatham Museum).

\

256 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

(3) Bovichthys diacanthus. (PI. UX. fig. 5.)

Callionymus diacanthus, Carmich., Trans. Linn. Soc., xii., 1818, p. 501, pl. xxvi.
Bovichthys diacanthus, Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 249 (1860).

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 3. Diameter of eye 44 in the
length of head, interorbital width 11. Interorbital region concave ; maxillary extend-
ing to below anterior } of eye; opercular spine ? the diameter of eye; 9 gill-rakers on
lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII, 20. Anal 15. Pectoral 2 the length of
head. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep.

Tristan da Cunha; Gough Island.

Here described from a specimen of 120 mm. obtained by the Scotia at Gough
Island, shore.

The species was originally described from Tristan da Cunha, where it is said to be
very common among the rocks and to attain a length of 7 inches. CARMICHAEL
describes the colour as olive, with green blotches and white dots.

(4) Bovichthys chilensis, sp. n.

Bovichthys diacanthus (non Carmichael), Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss,, viii. p. 487, pl. 244
(1831); Steind., Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. iv., 1897-8, p. 300, pl. xx. fig. 1.

Depth of body 5 in the length, leneth of head 3 to 34. Diameter of eye 44 to 43
in the length of head, interorbital width 9. Interorbital space nearly flat; maxillary
extending to below anterior 4 of eye; opercular spine as long as or shorter than eye;
8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII, 21. Anal 14-16. Pectoral
§ the length of head. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Body
marbled ; spinous dorsal dusky, with a dark blotch posteriorly ; soft dorsal with 2 or 3
series of dark spots; caudal dusky with orange posterior margin ; lower fins orange,
more or less spotted.

Chile ; Juan Fernandez.

Here described from two specimens from Chile (Delfin), 92 and 96 mm. in total
length.

Bere (Ann. Mus. Buenos Aires, ii., 1897, p. 298) has recorded a species of
Bovichthys from Argentina as Bovichthys diacanthus. This may prove to be B.
chailensis ; more probably it is a new species, as yet undescribed.

(5) Bovichthys veneris.
Bovichthys psychrolutes (non Giinth.), Kner, Novara Fische, p. 128, pl. vi. (1869).
or veneris, Sauvage, Arch. Zool. Hap., viii., 1879, p. 25.
Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head about 34. Diameter of eye 4 in the
length of head. Interorbital region only slightly concave, its width rather more than

3 the diameter of eye. Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye; opercular

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 257

spine 2 the diameter of eye. Dorsal VIII, 19-20. Anal 14-15. Pectoral 4 or % the
length of head. Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep.
Island of St Paul.

Kwer’s and Savuvacr’s descriptions are based on specimens of 9 or 10 inches.

(6) Bovichthys decipiens, sp. n. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 2%. Diameter of eye 33 in the
lenoth of head, interorbital width 6}. Interorbital space nearly flat ; maxillary
extending to below anterior } of eye; opercular spine a little shorter than eye; 8 gill-
rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII, 19. Anal 14. Pectoral $ the
length of head. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Body with cross-bars ; spinous
dorsal with a blotch posteriorly ; dorsal and pectoral with series of spots ; caudal barred.

A specimen of 41 mm. from Cook’s Straits (Hector) is very similar in appearance to
B. variegatus.

(7) Bovichthys psychrolutes.
Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 250 (1860).

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 3. Diameter of eye 33 in the length
of head, interorbital width 5. Interorbital region nearly flat; maxillary extending to
below anterior 4 of eye; opercular spine as long as eye; 8 gill-rakers on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal VIII, 20. Anal 14. Pectoral + the length of head. Caudal
subtruncate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Bluish-olive ; fins pale.

Here described from the type, a specimen 38 mm. in total length, from S8.W. of
the Antipodes Islands (50° 8., 170° W.).

(8) Bovichthys roseopictus.
Hutton, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xxxvi., 1903, art. ix.

Depth of body 5, length of head 44 in total length. Diameter of eye 3 in length
of head, interorbital width 34. Top of head smooth, with two small ridges. Dorsal
VIII, 18 (2). Anal 13 (2). Pectoral as long as head. Caudal apparently truncated.
Back dark olivaceous brown, sides and abdomen silvery ; a pink spot at base of operculum
and 5 bright rose-pink bands on each side.

New Zealand ; known from a single specimen of 46 mm. picked up on the beach at
Sumner, Canterbury.

Family 2. NoroTHENIID&.

Differ from the Bovichthyidew in the toothless palate, the united gill-membranes,
and in having all 3 radials on the hypocoracoid (fig. 3, 2 and 3). Vertebrae 45-56
(16-20 + 25-35).

In the typical genera the skeleton is well ossified, and the rather strong ribs and
epipleurals are inserted on well-developed parapophyses, or only the first one or two
are sessile. In Plewragramma the skeleton is weak, with the bones thin and papery,

\

258 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

the vertebral centra are thin cylinders of bone, parapophyses are developed on the
posterior praecaudals only, and the ribs and epipleurals are feeble.

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Body scaly ; gill-membranes forming a fold across the isthmus; opercles normal.
A. Hypercoracoid enclosing its foramen.
Lateral line scales with tubules or pits . ; : 1. Trematomus.
Lateral line scales merely notched. : : . 2. Pleuragramma.
B. Foramen partly bordered by hypocoracoid.
1. Two or three lateral lines; maxillary usually extending to below eye ;
pectoral rounded or vertically truncated.
Teeth in bands . : : : . 3. Notothenia.
Teeth uniserial . : : : : : : ; 4. Dissostichus.
2. One lateral line ; maxillary not reaching eye in the adult fish ; pectoral
very obliquely truncated, the upper rays longest. 5. Hleginops.
I]. Body naked; gill-membranes broadly united to isthmus; operculum hooked
upwards posteriorly, its upper edge deeply concave; foramen partly bordered
by hypocoracoid.
A mental barbel; opereles not spinate : ‘ : 6. Artedidraco.
No barbel ; operculum and suboperculum each forming a strong spine.

7. Harpagifer.

1. Trematomus, Bouleng., 1902.
“ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 177.

Body scaly; 2 lateral lines with tubular or pitted scales. Mouth moderate or
rather large; jaws with bands of villiform teeth. Gill-membranes united, free or
forming a free fold across isthmus. Skeleton well ossified; vertebrae 52-56 (17-21
+ 32-35); most of the preecaudals with parapophyses to which the ribs and epipleurals
are attached ; hypercoracoid enclosing its foramen (fig. 3, 2). A spinous dorsal fin :
pectoral rounded or sub-vertically truncated.

Coasts of the Antarctic Continent ; South Orkneys and South Georgia (fig. 5, p. 254).

The difference between Notothenia, with the hypocoracoid bordering the foramen,
and Trematomus, with the foramen enclosed in the hypercoracoid, may not be very
important, and PapprNHEIM believed that he found both conditions in one species
(Deutsche Siidpolar-Eaped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 166, figs.); but this seems to have been
an error, the specimen with perforate hypercoracoid being Trematomus hansoni and not
Notothenia lepidorhinus. PappENHEIM (t.c., p. 170) states that 7. bernacchii is a
Notothenva in the structure of its pectoral arch; I have examined a large series of
specimens, and find that the hypercoracoid encloses its foramen in all.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 259

Synopsis of the Species.
I. Upper surface of head naked.
A. Cheeks and opereles fully scaled.
Interorbital width 34 to 5 in length of head. D VI-VIII, 32-38.
A 32-86 . : : . 1. newnesi.
Interorbital width 8 or 9 in length of head. DIV, 37. A 32-33.
2. nicolar.
B. Cheeks and opercles scaly above, naked below; interorbital width 3 to 54
in length of head.
D V-VI, 34-37. A 31-33. ; : . 3. borchgrevinki.
D IV-V, 30-83. A 29-30. ; : ; 4. brachysoma.
II. Occiput scaly.
A. Interorbita] region naked, or not fully sealed. D IV—VI, 33-38. A 31-35.
Diameter of eye 4% in length of head, interorbital width about 5
(in a specimen of about 270 mm.); 55 to 59 scales in a longi-
tudinal series . : ; . 5. vicarius.
Diameter of eye 3 to 44 in length of head, interorbital width 5 to 9
(in specimens up to 340 mm.); 60 to 75 scales in a longitudinal

series. : ‘ : 6. bernacchii.

B. Interorbital region fully scaled ; width 5 to 10 in length of head.
D V-VII, 36-41. A 33-86 : : . 7. hanson.
D V-VI, 33-34. <A 31-33 ; ; . 8. loennbergu.

(1) Trematomus newnesit.
Bouleng., ‘‘ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 177, pl. xi. (1902).
Notothenia cyaneobrancha, Vaill., Hxpéd. Antarct. Frangaise, Poiss., p. 26 (1906).
is microleptdota, Vaill., t.c., p. 35.
5 hodgsoni, Bouleng., Nat. Antarctic Exped., Nat. Hist., ii., Fish., p. 2, pl. i. fig, 2 (1907).
Depth of body 4 to 5} in the length, length of head 34 to 4}. Diameter of eye 3
to 44 in the leneth of head, interorbital width 35 to 5. Maxillary extending to below
anterior part or middle of eye (young) or beyond (adult); upper surface of head naked,
cheeks and opercles scaly ; 15 to 20 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal
VI-VIII, 32-38. Anal 32-36. Pectoral ? the length of head or more, longer than
pelvics, which reach the vent in the young, but not in the adult. Caudal truncate.
Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. 68 to 86 scales in a longitudinal series from
above base of pectoral fin to caudal, 40 to 52 in upper lateral line, which ends below
posterior rays of dorsal, 3 to 19 in lower lateral line. Brownish, usually spotted or
marbled or with irregular cross-bars; spinous dorsal blackish; other fins dusky, often
with small dark spots.
Here described from a large series of specimens, 50 to 200 mm. in total length, in-
cluding the types of the species and of N. hodgson. ‘The types came from Duke of

\

260 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

York Island, near Cape Adare, 3 to 5 fathoms, and Cape Adare, 4 to 8 fathoms ; those of
N. hodgsoni from the Discovery winter quarters, Ross Island. The Scotia specimens
are all from Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; others in the British Museum
are from the South Shetlands.

(2) Trematomus nicolaa.
Notothenia nicolai, Bouleng., “ Southern Cross” Pisces, p, 184, pl. xv. (1902).

Depth of body nearly 4 in the length, length of head 34 to 33. Diameter of eye
3 to 34 in the length of head, interorbital width 8 to 9. Maxillary extending to below
anterior } or 4 of eye; upper surface of head naked; cheeks and opercles scaly ;
Ll or 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IV, 37. Anal 32-33.
Pectoral } to + length of head, somewhat longer than pelvics, which reach vent or origin
of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. 58 to 62 scales
in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to caudal, 39 to 43 in upper
lateral line, which ends below posterior rays of dorsal, 8 to 18 in lower lateral line.
Brownish, with dark cross-bars and sometimes with small dark spots; fins dusky.
Victoria Land.

Here described from the types, three specimens 150 to 250 mm. in total length,
from Cape Adare, 5 to 8 fathoms, and Duke of York Island, near Cape Adare, 4 fathoms.

The pectoral arch of this species is exactly similar to that of the closely related
T. newnesii, as figured on p. 249.

(3) Trematomus borchgrevinkia.
Bouleng., “Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 179, pl. xii. (1902); Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-
Exped., xiii,, Zool., v. p- 171 (1912).

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 3} to 44. Diameter of eye 4 to 5 in
length of head, interorbital width 3 to 4. Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of
eye; upper surface of head naked ; upper parts of cheeks and opercles scaly ; 16 to 19
gill-rakers on lower part .of anterior arch. Dorsal V—VI, 34-37. Anal 31-33.
Pectoral } to § the length of head, longer than pelvics, which rarely reach the vent.
Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or deeper than long.
78 to 96 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to caudal ; lateral
lines vestigial, without or with only a few tubules. Yellowish, with dark spots or
irregular cross-bars ; dorsal and caudal sometimes with series of spots.

Graham Land and neighbouring islands; Wilhelm Land; Victoria Land.

Here described from several specimens, 180 to 270 mm. in total length, including
the types of the species, from Cape Adare and Duke of York Island, near Cape Adare
(Southern Cross), and examples from the Discovery winter quarters, Ross Island. A
specimen of 80 mm. was obtained in March 1903 by the Scotva, at Station 325, in
Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; depth 10 to 15 fathoms.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 261

(4) Trematomus brachysoma.
Pappenheim, Deutsche Stidpolar-Exped., xiii. Zool., v. p. 172 (1912).

Depth of body 41, to 4% in the length, length of head 3 to 33. Diameter of eye
32 to 32 in the length of head, interorbital width 4 to 5}. Maxillary extending to
below anterior part or middle of eye; upper surface of head naked; upper parts of
cheeks and opercles scaly ; 16 to 19 oill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal
IV-V, 30-33. Anal 26-30. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than
long. 65 to 75 scales in a longitudinal series. Yellowish brown; head and back dark ;
a series of 6 dark spots from operculum to caudal, and 5 below them at level of base of
pectoral ; a dark spot at tip of spinous dorsal ; soft dorsal with irregular dark cross-bars.

Wilhelm Land.

‘Total length 93 to 166 mm.

(5) Trematomus vicarius.

Trematomus bernacchii subsp. vicarius, Lounberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 26 (1905).
1 Notothenia dubia, Lonnberg, f.c., p. 28, pl. 11. fig. 9.

Depth of body 34 in the length, length of head 34. Diameter of eye 43 in length
of head, interorbital width about 5. Maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye ;

Fic. 6.—Head seen from above of A, 7rematomus bernacchii, and B, 7’. vicarius.

cheeks, opercles, and occiput scaly; anterior part of interorbital region scaly in the
middle; about 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V, 33. Anal 31.
Pectorals 3, pelvices + the length of head. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much
deeper than long. 56 to 59 scales in a longitudinal series, 34 in upper lateral line ;
lower lateral line without tubules.

South Georgia.

Lonnpere’s description is based on a single specimen, 240 mm. in length to base of
caudal fin.

Dr Lonnzere has kindly sent me a sketch of the upper surface of the head of the

type, which is here reproduced, together with a figure of the head of a specimen of
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 34

262 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

T. bernacchit of the same size. After comparing the type with examples of 7. bernacchu
that I sent him, Dr LOnNBERG writes that the caudal peduncle is notably deeper and
that the scales are larger.

Dr LOnnBERG has also sent me one of the types of VV. dubia for examination. The
specimen is 50 mm. in total length, and is a Trematomus, with the head sealed as in
T. bernacchi, but with a smaller eye (3% in the length of head) and broader inter-
orbital region (64 in the leneth of head) than young examples of that species. I count
Dorsal V, 37. Anal 82. 55 scales in a longitudinal series, 30 in the lateral line. 13
gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch. It seems probable that this may be a
young example of 7. vicarius, although the interorbital region is scaleless.

(6) Trematomus bernacchit.
Bouleng., ‘‘ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 181, pl. xiv. (1902).
Notothenia elegans, Vaill., Hapéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 28 (1906).

Depth of body 3 to 4} in the length, length of head 34 to 4. Diameter of eye 3 to
41 in the length of head, interorbital width 5 to 9. Maxillary extending to below
anterior part or middle of eye; occiput, cheeks, and opercles scaly ; interorbital region
naked or with a median series of scales; 13 to 15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior
arch. Dorsal IV—VI, 34-38. Anal 31-35. Pectoral about $ the length of head;
pelvics just reaching anal in young, but not in adult. Caudal rounded. Caudal
peduncle deeper than long. 60 to 75 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of
pectoral fin to caudal, 30 to 42 in upper lateral line ; lower lateral line usually without
tubules. Large dark spots in 2 or 8 alternating series; upper } of spinous
dorsal blackish.

Graham Land and neighbouring islands; Victoria Land.

Here described from several specimens, 90 to 340 mm. in total length, including
the types of the species from Cape Adare, 5 to 8 fathoms, and Duke of York Island,
near Cape Adare, 3 to 4 fathoms (Southern Cross), examples from the Discovery winter
quarters, Ross Island, and two from Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, collected
by the Scotia.

In this species the interorbital region seems to be always sealeless in the young, and
is often so in the adult fish.

(7) Trematomus hansoni.
Bouleng., “‘ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 180, pl. xiii. (1902).
Trematomus hansoni subsp. georgianus, Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 25, pl. v.
fig. 17 (1905).
Notothenia sima, Vaill., Expéd. Antarct. Frangaise, Poiss., p. 23 (1906).
3 lepidorhinus (part.), Pappenheim, Deutsche Stidpolar-Kaped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 169
(1912).
Depth of body 33 to 4§ in the length, length of head 34 to 4. Diameter of eye
35 to 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 5 to 6}. Maxillary extending to below

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 263

anterior part or middle of eye; occiput, interorbital region, cheeks, and opercles scaly ;
18 to 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V—VII, 36-41. Anal
33-36. Pectoral } to % the length of head, longer than pelvies, which do not reach
the vent. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. 60 to 68
seales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to caudal, 38 to 46 in
upper lateral line ; lower lateral line usually without tubules. Brownish, with large
dark spots or cross-bars; head often spotted; fins usually barred with series of
dark spots.

South Georgia ; Graham Land; Coats Land; Wilhelm Land; Victoria Land.

Here described from several specimens, 160 to 380 mm. in total length, including
the types of the species, from Cape Adare, 4 to 8 fathoms, and Duke of York Island,
near Cape Adare, 3 to 4 fathoms (Southern Cross), examples from the Discovery
winter quarters, Ross Island, and three from Coats Land, Station 411, 74° OSs
22° 00’ W., 161 fathoms ; temperature 28°9° F. ; trap; March 1904.

Dr LOnNBERG’s supposed subspecies from South Georgia is fully identical with the
typical form. He gives the number of anal rays as (31) 32-88, but the figure shows
36, and in an example that he has kindly sent me I count 35. There is no difference in
the shape of the pectoral.

Dr PappeNHem™ has kindly sent me for examination the smallest specimen of his
N. lepidorhinus, 160 mm. in total length, which he has noticed as differing from the
types in the larger number of dorsal rays (38 instead of 32 or 33). It differs also in the
naked snout and preorbital, shorter pelvic fins, lower lateral line without tubules,
foramen enclosed in the hypercoracoid, etc., and is in every way similar to one of the
types of 7. hansonz, with which | have compared it.

(8) Trematomus loennbergu, sp. n. (PI. VIII. fig. 4.)

Depth of body 4% to 5 in length, length of head 3 to 3{. Diameter of eye 3 to 44
in the length of head, interorbital width 7 to 10. Maxillary extending to below
anterior + of eye; upper surface of head to nostrils, cheeks, and opercles scaly ; 13 gill-
rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V-VI, 33-34. Anal 31-33. Pectoral
as long as or a little shorter than head; pelvics extending to origin of anal or beyond.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 60 to 70 scales in a longitudinal
series from above pectoral fin to caudal; 36 to 42 in upper lateral line, which ends below
posterior rays of dorsal ; lower lateral line without tubules.

Victoria Land, Graham Land, and neighbouring islands.

Here described from three specimens, two from the Discovery collection—the larger,
132 mm. in total length, from south-west of the Balleny Islands, 254 fathoms; the
smaller, 65 mm., in total length, from Tent Island, near Ross Island. The third
example, also about 65 mm., is from Seymour Island, and has been sent to me for
examination by Dr LOnNBERG, who has recorded this species as Notothenia nicolar

‘\

264 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

(Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 45). 1 have named the species after Dr
LONNBERG in recognition of his kindness in sending me this and other specimens.

2. Pleuragramma, Bouleng., 1902.
“Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 187 (1902).

Closely related to Trematomus, differing especially in the very thin cycloid scales,
the absence of pitted or tubular lateral line scales. and the feebly ossified skeleton, with
parapophyses developed only on the posterior preecaudal vertebree.

Coasts of the Antarctic Continent.

BouLeNGER has placed this genus in the family Leptoscopide, but it has no aftinity
with Leptoscopus, and, on the other hand, is very near to 7rematomus. A comparison
of Pleuragramma antarcticum with Trematomus newnesii shows a very close agree-
ment in external and internal characters, even to the number of fin-rays and vertebre ;
the pectoral arch is precisely similar. In Pleuragramma the two lateral lines are
marked by scales with notched posterior edges, or, if the scales have been lost, by series
of pores.

Pleuragramma antarcticum.

Bouleng., /.¢., pl. xviii. ; Vaillant, Hapéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 48 (1906) ; Pappenheim,
Deutsche Stidpolar- Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 164.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, leneth of head 3} to 4. Diameter of eye 31 to
3} in the length of head, interorbital width 5 to 6. Lower jaw projecting; maxillary
extending to below anterior 4 of eye ; upper surface of head naked ; cheeks and opercles
sealy ; 20 to 25 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI-VII, 34—37.
Anal 36-38. Pectoral truncated, } to 3 length of head. Caudal slightly emarginate.
About 55 scales in a lateral longitudinal series. Silvery, back darker; sides and back
powdered with blackish dots.

Graham Land; Wilhelm Land; Victoria Land.

Here described from several specimens, 150 to 200 mm. in total length, including
the types of the species from Victoria Land (Southern Cross) and examples from near
Cape Armitage, Ross Island, and from south-west of the Balleny Islands (Discovery).
VaILLANT gives D V, 39; A 38; Sq. 44, for specimens from Graham Land; and PaprEn-
HEIM, D V-VIII, 34-38; A 36-38; Sq. 56-60, for examples from Wilhelm Land.

3. Notothenia, Richards., 1844.
“ Brebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 5; Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 260 (1860).
Macronotothen, Gill, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1861, p. 521.
Differs from Trematomus only in that the hypercoracoid foramen is margined below
by the hypocoracoid (fig. 3, 8, p. 249).
Coasts of the Antarctic Continent and northwards to Patagonia, the Falkland

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 265

Islands, South Sandwich Islands, Marion Islands, Kerguelen, southern New Zealand,
and Chatham Islands.

Although the interorbital region is relatively broader in the larger fish, its width,
compared with the length of the head, is an important specific character. By the
“interorbital width” is here understood the actual width of the osseous interorbital
space ; this is nearly always less, and when narrow proportionately much less, than the
interorbital width as measured by BoULENGER.

Synopsis of the Species.
I. Opereles fully sealed.
A. Upper surface and sides of head scaly, except snout and preeorbital ; inter-
orbital width 4 the length of head, or more.
1. Upper lateral line of 62 to 65 tubular scales; D VI, 32-34. A. 30-32.

3 lateral lines : : : ; : : : . L. trigramma,
esis? lines : . 2. canina.
2. Upper lateral ime of 4 40 to 55 fubulen else. D v- VII, 32-37. A 31-35.
a. 21 to 25 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D VII (VIII),
34-36. A. 32-84. : : : : ‘ 3. ramsayt.

b. 14 to 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

a, Upper lateral line not or scarcely extending beyond end of dorsal
fin ; diameter of eye 4+ to 6 in length of head (in specimens up
to 250 mm.). D VI-VII, 32-34. A. 31-34 4. tesselata.

8. Upper lateral line nearly reaching caudal fin.

D VI-VII, 33-36. A 32-34. 16 to 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior
arch. Hye 34 to 4% in length of head (in specimens of 125 to 250 mm.)
; : 5, wiltone.
D V (VI), 35-37. A 32-35. 16 to 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior
arch. Eye 4 to 44 in length of head (in ‘oan of 90 to 180 mm.)
6. brevicauda.
D V-VI, 34-35. A 32-34. 14 or 15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

Kye 3 to 34 in length of head (in specimens of 130 to 180 mm.) 7. longipes.
3. Upper lateral line of 30 to 35 tubular seales; D v_VI 28-31.
A 27-80. : : ; : : : 8. sima.

B. Upper surface and sides of Head deals aor preeorbital (and snout also
except in N. scott).

1. Interorbital width 6 in leneth of head; D VI-VII, 32-33. A 35-36.

9. lepidorhinus.
2. Interorbital width 9 to 13 in length of head.

DIV=V, 36-387 A. 32 4 3 ‘ 2 ; : , 10. squamefrons.
DAV 87=89) AlB8 : ; : t : : : . 11. larseni.
DENE SS un Anon i : : ; : : : ; . 12. scotte.

266 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

C. Upper surface and sides of head scaly (except in N. nudifrons) ; preorbital
naked ; interorbital width ;!5 the length of head, or less.
1. Lower lateral line of 32 to 41 tubular scales; D VII-VIII, 31-33.

A 31-383 : : : ; ; ; : : 13. gibberifrons.
2. Lower lateral line of 15 to 18 tubular scales ; D VI-VII, 28-30. A 28-31.
14. acuta.

3. Lower lateral line without tubular scales.

Upper surface of head scaly. D VII, 32. A 32 : . 15. varllanti.

Upper surface of head scaly. D 1V—V, 35-37. A 33-35 . . 16. mizops.

Upper surface of head naked. D IV—VI, 37-39. A 34-36. 17. nudifrons.
II. Opercles scaly above, naked below ; upper surface of head scaly.

Interorbital width 10 in length of head. D VII, 29. A 27 18. marionensis.

Interorbital width 20 in length of head. D V—VI, 29-30. A 30-31.

: 19. angustifrons.

III. Opereles sealed only on upper part of operculum ; upper surface of head naked.

A. Anal of 27-33 rays.
a. Interorbital width 12 in length of head. D VI, 33. A 31.

; : 20, elegans.

b. Interorbital width 4 to 7 in length of head.
Cheek usually scaly behind eye. D IV—VI, 31-34. A 27-31 21. cornucola.

Cheek scaly below and behind eye, its lower } (young) or 4 (adult) naked.
D IV-VI, 33-36. A 30-33. : : ; : 22. cyaneobrancha.
Cheek scaly behind eye. D III-VII, 35-41. A 27-31 23. coriiceps.

c. Interorbital width 33 in length of head. D VI-VII, 33-35. A 27-29.
; 24. rossi.
B. Anal of 22 to 25 rays; interorbital width 2} to 44 in leneth of head.
DIV, 29-31. 48 to 56 scales in a lateral longitudinal series.
: ‘ 25. macrocephala.
D VI-VII, 28-29. 52 to 58 scales in a lateral longitudinal series.
; 26. microlepidota.
D VI-VIII, 26-27. 84 to 92 scales ina lateral longitudinal series 27. colbecku.
C. Anal of 18 to 20 rays; interorbital width about 4 in length of head.
28. filholi.

(1) Notothenia trigramma, sp. n. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 4. Diameter of eye 5 in the length
of head and equal to the interorbital width. Lower jaw projecting; maxillary
extending to below anterior 4 of eye; upper surface of head, except snout, cheeks and
opercles scaly ; 15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI, 34. Anal 32.
Pectoral longer than pelvics, $ as long as head, extending to above anal. Candal
rounded. About 85 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, 65 in upper lateral line,

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 267

which nearly reaches caudal, 13 in line on middle of tail, and 40 to 45 in a third lower
lateral line, which is separated by 4 or 5 longitudinal series of scales from the base of
the anal fin. Brownish; fins darker.

Port Stanley, Falklands.

Total length 280 mm.

I was at first inclined to make this species the type of a new genus, but on examining
related species of Notothenia I found a specimen of N. brevicauda with a third lateral
line on one side only, formed of 10 tubular scales and separated from the posterior part
of the anal fin by 3 series of scales.

(2) Notothenta canina.
Smitt, Bik. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xxiii., iv., No. 3, p. 32, pl. ii. fig. 22 (1897).

Evidently closely related to N. tesselata, but the outer series of teeth stronger,
spaced, more canine-like, and the upper lateral line with 62 to 65 tubular scales.
Dorsal VI, 32-33. Anal 30-31.

Hast coast of Patagonia.

Total length 138 mm.

Notothenia acuta, Steind. (non Giinther) (Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. iv., 1897-8, p. 303),
from Chile, is probably closely related to N. canina.

(8) Notothenia ramsayr, sp. n. (PI. VII. fig. 1.)

Depth of body 4 to 534 in the length of the fish, length of head about 34.
Diameter of eye 4 to 44 in the leneth of head, interorbital width 4} to 7. Jaws
equal anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below anterior { of eye; cheeks, opercles, and
upper surface of head, to between the nostrils, scaly; 21 to 25 gill-rakers on lower
part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII (VIII), 34-36. Anal 32-34. Pectoral from less
than 2 to 3 length of head ; pelvics as long, extending to vent or to anal fin. Caudal
rounded or subtruneate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or deeper than long, its
least depth 4+ to 2 the length of head. 60 to 72 scales in a longitudinal series, from
above base of pectoral to caudal fin; 46 to 54 in upper lateral line, which almost
reaches the caudal; 8 to 17 in lower lateral line. A lateral series of 5 to 7 dark blotches
or vertical bars.

Several specimens, 200 to 300 mm. in total length, taken on Ist December 1903
from the Burdwood Bank, Scotia Station 346, 54° 24’ S., 50° 32’ W.; depth 56
fathoms; surface temperature 41°8° F.; one from Isthmus Bay, Magellan Straits,
14 fathoms (CopPrNncER).

This species is named in memory of ALLAN GrorGE Ramsay, chief engineer of the
Scotia, who died at Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, on 6th August 1903.

‘\

268 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

(4) Notothenra tesselata.

Richards., ‘‘ Hrebus” und “Terror” Fish., p. 19, pl. xii. figs. 38, 4 (1845); Giinth., Cat. Fish.,

ii, p. 260 (1860).

Notothenia veitchii, Giinth., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xiv., 1874, p. 370.

' brevipes, Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Maped., Fish., p. 15 (1905).

Depth of body 4} to 6 in the length, length of head 3} to 33. Diameter of eye
4} to 6 in the length of head, interorbital width 53 to 6. Lower jaw rather prominent ;
maxillary extending to below anterior part or middle of eye; cheeks, opercles, and
upper surface of head, except snout, scaly; 14 to 16 gill-rakers on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal VI-VII, 32-34. Anal 31-34. Pectoral from less than
3 to more than ¢ the length of head, usually longer than pelvics, which seldom
reach the anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. 62 to
78 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal fin, 41 to 48
in upper lateral line, which ends below or a little behind end of dorsal fin, 6 to 11
in lower lateral line. Body marbled; spinous dorsal dusky, pale at the base; soft
dorsal, caudal, and sometimes anal, with series of dark spots.

Chile; Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands.

Here described from several examples, 140 to 250 mm. in total length, from the
Falkland Islands, Magellan Straits, and Chile, including the types of the species and
specimens from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, collected by the Scotia.
In youn

g specimens (NV. veitchi, N. brevipes) the interorbital width is + or } the length

of head.

(5) Notothenia wiltoni, sp. n. (Pl. VII. fig. 2.)

Depth of body 43 to 5} in the length of the fish, length of head 34 to 33.
Diameter of eye 34 to 43 in the length of head, interorbital width 6 to 7. Jaws equal
anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye or beyond; cheeks, opereles,
and upper surface of head, except snout, scaly ; 16 to 19 gill-rakers on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal VI-VII, 33-36. Anal 32-34. Pectoral 2 or 3 the length of
head; pelvics as long or somewhat longer, extending to vent or to anal fin. Caudal
rounded or subtrunecate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long, its least depth 2 to } the
length of head. 62 to 70 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral
to caudal fin, 47 to 54 in upper lateral line, which almost reaches caudal, 7 to 14 in
lower lateral line. Body with irregular dark cross-bars; spinous dorsal dusky, pale
at base.

Ten specimens, 125 to 250 mm. in total length—one from Orange Bay (Paris Mus.) ;
another from the Straits of Magellan (CoppincEr); the others taken by the Scotea at
Port Stanley (Station 118) and Port William (Station 349), Falkland Islands (shore,
51° 41’8., 57° 51’ W.), and on the Burdwood Bank (Station 346, 54° 25’ S., 57° 32’ W.,
56 fathoms ; surface temperature 41°8° F. ; otter trawl; 1st December 1903).

This species is named after Mr D. W. Wixron, zoologist of the Scotia.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 269

(6) Notothenia brevicauda.
Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 6, pl. v. fig. 16 (1905).

Depth of body 43 to 5 in the length of the fish, length of head 34 to 4. Diameter
of eye 4 to 4} in the length of head, interorbital width 7 or 8. Maxillary extending
to below anterior 4 of eye; cheeks, opercles, and upper surface of head, except snout,
sealy; 16 to 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V (VI), 35-37.
Anal 32-35. Pectoral 3 to § the length of head; pelvies as long ora little longer,
extending to the anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle } to ? as long as deep, its
least depth about 4 the length of head. 60 to 70 scales in a longitudinal series from
above base of pectoral to caudal fin, 44 to 50 in upper lateral line, which ends 2 to 4
scales in front of the caudal, 4 to 12 in lower lateral line. Body with irregular dark
cross-bars ; pectorals yellow ; pelvics, anal, spinous dorsal, and base of soft dorsal dusky.

Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands.

Twelve specimens, 90 to 180 mm. in total length, including examples from Port
Stanley (June 1903, 9-10 fathoms) and from Port William, Falkland Islands (January
1908, 6 fathoms). LONNBERG’s type, a specimen of 120 mm., came from Tierra del
Fuego, and there are examples from that locality in the British Museum.

(7) Notothenia longipes.
Steind., Sttzwngsb, Akad. Wien, Ixxii., 1876, p. 70, pl. vi. fig. 7; Giinth., “ Challenger” Shore
Fish., p. 21 (1880).

Depth of body 54 to 6} in the length, length of head 34 to 33. Diameter of eye
3 to 34 in the leneth of head, interorbital width 7 or 8. Maxillary extending to below
anterior + of eye; upper surface and sides of head, except snout and preorbital, scaly ;
14 or 15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V—VI, 34-35. Anal 32-34.
Pectoral # to } the leneth of head, somewhat shorter than pelvics, which reach the anal.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 2 to + as long as deep, its least depth from + to 2
the length of head. 62 to 70 scales in a longitudinal series, 46 to 55 in upper lateral
line, which almost reaches caudal, 6 to 13 in lower lateral line. Body with irregular
brownish cross-bars.

Patagonia and Magellan Straits.

Here described from four examples, 130 to 180 mm. in total length.

(8) Notothenia sima.

Richards., “ Hrebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 19, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1845) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish., i1., p. 262 (1860).
Notothenia squamiceps, Peters, Monatsh, Akad. Berlin, 1876, p. 837.
karlandrex, Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 14, pl. iv. fig. 13 (1905).

”

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 35 to 33. Diameter of eye
4 to 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 6 to 8. Maxillary extending to below

anterior part or middle of eye; occiput, interorbital region, cheeks, and opercles scaly ;
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 35

270 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

10 to 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V-VI, 28-81. Anal 27-30.
Pectoral § to } the length of head, about as long as pelvics, which reach the vent.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. 40 to 46 scales in a
longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to caudal, 30 to 35 in upper lateral
line, which ends below posterior rays of dorsal, 2 to 12 in lower lateral line, when
developed. Body with irregular dark cross-bars; vertical fins more or less dusky, the
caudal often barred and with 2 or 3 dark spots at the base.

Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands.

Here described from several specimens, 60 to 120 mm. in total length, including
the type of the species, from the Falkland Islands, and a co-type of N. karlandrex.

The Scot?a examples are from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falklands, 51° 41’ 8.,
57° 51’ W., and there are others in the British Museum collection from Magellan.

(9) Notothenia leyidorhinus.
Notothenia lepidorhinus (part.), Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 169,
pl. ix. fig. 1 and pl. x. fig. 1 (1912).

Depth of body 4 to 4} in the length, length of head 33 to 83. Diameter of eye
3 to 33 in the length of head, interorbital width about 6. Maxillary extending to
below anterior margin of pupil; upper surface and sides of head, including snout and
preeorbital, scaly ; 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI-VII, 32-33.
Anal 35-36. Pectoral 3 the length of head; pelvics extending beyond origin of anal.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle somewhat deeper than long. 72 to 82 scales in a
longitudinal series, 45 to 56 in upper lateral line, 32 to 38 in lower lateral line. Body
with irregular dark cross-bars; spinous dorsal dark anteriorly ; soft dorsal with dark
oblique stripes.

Wilhelm Land, 385 metres.

The types measure 186 to 240 mm. in total length.

(10) Notothenia squamifrons.
Giinth., “‘ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 16, pl. viii. fig. C (1880).

Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 33. Diameter of eye 3 to 34 in the
length of head, interorbital width 9 to 12. Maxillary extending to below anterior + of
eye; upper surface and sides of head, including snout and preorbital, scaly ; 14 to 16
gill-rakers on lower part of anterior areh. Dorsal [V—V, 36-37. Anal 32. Pectoral
{ the length of head, rather shorter than pelvics, which reach the anal. Caudal
peduncle deeper than long. 55 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of
pectoral to caudal, 44 or 45 in upper lateral line, which ends below end of dorsal, or
just behind it, 15 to 18 in lower lateral line. Body with broad irregular cross-bars ;
cheek with two oblique stripes ; spinous dorsal blackish.

Kerouelen.

Here described from the types, two specimens, 110 and 150 mm. in total length.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 271

(11) Notothenva larsent.
Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 31, pl. i. fig. 3 (1905).

Depth of body 44 to 5 in the length, length of head 3§. Diameter of eye 3 in
leneth of head, interorbital width 11 to 18. Maxillary extending a little beyond
vertical from anterior margin of eye; upper surface and sides of head entirely scaly.
Dorsal VI, 37-39. Anal 38. Pectoral a little shorter than head, longer than pelviecs,
which just reach anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 69 to 76
seales in a longitudinal series above upper lateral line, which has 55 or 56 tubes and
nearly reaches caudal ; lower lateral line without tubes. Body with irregular cross-bars ;
dorsal with oblique series of spots.

South Georgia; length 178 mm.

(12) Notothenia scott.
Bouleng., Nat. Antarct. Exped. Nat. Hist., ii. Fish., p. 2, pl. i. fig. 1 (1907).

Depth of body 54 in the length, length of head 34. Diameter of eye 24 in the
length of head, interorbital width 12. Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye ;
upper surface of head, except snout, and sides of head, including preorbital, scaly ;
12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal V, 33. Anal 31. Pectoral { the
length of head, somewhat shorter than pelvics, which reach anal. Caudal peduncle as
long as deep. 50 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal,
probably about 40 in upper lateral line. Body with irregular cross-bars; spinous
dorsal blackish ; soft dorsal and anal blackish posteriorly.

Near Edward Land.

Here described from the type, a specimen of 110 mm, taken at a depth of 300
fathoms off the Ross Barrier, 27th January 1902. In the original description and figure
the fin-rays are miscounted.

(13) Notothenia gibberifrons.
Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 33, pl. iii. fig. 10 (1905); Vaillant, Hapéd.
Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 33 (1906).

Depth of body 5 to 5} in the length, length of head 33 to 3$. Diameter of eye
4 to 42 in the length of head, interorbital width 12 to 16. Jaws equal anteriorly ;
maxillary not or barely reaching vertical from anterior margin of eye ; cheeks, opercles,
and upper surface of head to nostrils scaly ; 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal VII-VIII, 31-33. Anal 31-33. Pectoral 2 the length of head ; pelvics 3 to $
length of head, not reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle nearly as long
as deep; 55 to 66 scales ina longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal, 36
to 44 (to 51 fide LONNBERG) in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal,
32 to 41 in lower lateral line. Upper part of body irregularly spotted ; dorsal, caudal,
and pectoral fins with series of dark spots. A water-colour drawing shows the ground

colour yellow, the fins greenish, the spots brown,

\

bo
=

Z MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

Graham Land; South Georgia; South Orkneys; South Shetlands.

Here described from six specimens, 280 to 340 mm. in total length, taken in July
19038 at Station 325, Scotia Bay, 27 fathoms, and Station 326, Jessie Bay, 10 fathoms,
South Orkneys; there are also two quite small specimens from the same locality.
LONNBERG'S types come from South Georgia, and there is a specimen in the British
Museum from the South Shetlands.

(14) Notothenia acuta, (Pl. VILL. fig. 3.)

Giinth., “ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 17 (1880); Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., xiii.,
Zool., v. p. 171, pl. ix. fig. 3 (1912),

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 34. Diameter of eye 3% in the
length of head, interorbital width 16. Maxillary extending to below anterior 1 of eye ;
sides and upper surface of head scaly, except snout and prxorbital; 12 gill-rakers on
lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI (VII), (28-29) 30. Anal (28-30) 31. Pectoral
nearly as long as the head, longer than pelvies, which reach the vent. Caudal peduncle
somewhat deeper than long. 60 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of
pectoral to caudal, 38 in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal,
16 to 18 in lower lateral line. Body marbled ; dorsal rays with series of small spots ;
caudal barred.

Kerguelen.

Here described from the type, about 62 mm. in total length, from Kerguelen.

(15) Notothenia vaillant?, n. sp.
Notothenia acuta (non Giinth.), Vaillant, Hapéd. Antarct. Francaise, Potss., p. 31 (1906).

Depth of body 53 in the length, length of head 3}. Diameter of eye 3 in the length
of head, interorbital width 14. Maxillary extending to below anterior + of eye;
sides and upper surface of head scaly, except snout and preorbital; 10 gill-rakers on
lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII, 32. Anal 32. Pectoral a little shorter
than head, as long as pelvies, which reach the anal. Caudal peduncle a little longer
than deep. 55 scales in a longitudinal series from above pectoral fin to caudal, 34 in
upper lateral line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal; lower lateral line without
tubular scales. Body with irregular cross-bars, broken up into 3 or 4 series of
alternating spots; dorsal with small spots ; caudal barred.

Graham Land; Booth, Wandel, and Wiencke Islands.

Here described from a specimen of 56 (46+10) mm. Measurements of this example
are given by VaILLAnt (¢.c., p. 32), and also those of a much larger fish, 410 mm. in
length to base of caudal, with the eye } and the interorbital width 1, of the length
of the head.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 273

(16) Notothenia mizops.
Giinth., “ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 16, pl. viii. fig. D (1880).

Depth of body 44 to 4? in the length, length of head 33 to 4. Diameter of eye
3 to 32 in the length of head, interorbital width about 15. Maxillary extending to
below anterior + or 4 of eye; cheeks, opercles, occiput, and interorbital region scaly ;
9 to 13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IV—V, 35-37. Anal 33-35.
Pectoral 3 to + the length of head ; pelvics longer, reaching the anal. Caudal rounded.
Caudal peduncle deeper than long. 48 to 55 scales in a longitudinal series from above
base of pectoral to caudal, 33 to 38 in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior
part of dorsal; lower lateral line without tubular scales. Body with 2 series of
large, partly confluent, irregular blackish spots; cheek with 2 oblique stripes; a
blackish spot on spinous dorsal ; vertical fins with or without series of dark spots.

Kerguelen.

Here described from the types, five specimens, 70 to 170 mm. in total length.

(17) Notothenia nudifrons.

Notothenia mizops var. nudifrons, Linnberg, Swedish South Polar Hxped., Fish., p. 30, pl. i.
fig, 2 (1905),
Notothenia mizops, Vaillant, Eapéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss,, p. 30 (1906).

Closely related to N. mizops, but occiput and interorbital region naked, fin-
rays usually more numerous (Dorsal IV-VI, 37-89. Anal 34-36), and scales smaller,
55 to 65 in a longitudinal series; 11 or 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Coloration of N. mizops. A water-colour drawing shows the fish reddish, the spots
dark brown.

South Georgia ; South Orkneys; Graham Land.

Here described from nine specimens, 70 to 150 mm. in total length, from Station
325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, depth 9 to 10 fathoms (June 1903), from South
Georgia (Swedish Expedition), and from Graham Land (Paris Mus.).

18. Notothenia marionensis. (PI. VIIL, fig. 2.)
Giinth., ‘‘ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 17 (1880).

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 33. Diameter of eye 4 in the length
of head, interorbital width 10. Jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below
anterior + of eye; scales on upper half of cheek and opercles, on interorbital region and
occiput ; a transverse naked strip separating last from scales of nape ; 11 gill-rakers on
lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII, 29. Anal 27. Pectoral fin #, pelvic $ the
length of head. Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long.
48 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal fin ; 35 in upper
lateral line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal ; 16 in lower lateral line. Body

\

274 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

with irregular dark spots; a blackish spot on upper part of base of pectoral ; dorsal
and caudal with series of small spots.

Marion Island.

Here described from the type, 82 mm. in total length, from Marion Island,
50 to 75 fathoms.

(19) Notothenia angustifrons. (Pl. VILL. fig. 1.)
Fischer, Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst., ii.. 1885, p. 55.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 33. Diameter of eye 4 in the length
of head, interorbital width about 20. Maxillary extending to below anterior margin
or anterior + of eye; upper surface of head scaly to between nostrils; cheeks and
opercles in great part scaly, but naked below; 10 or 11 gill-rakers on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal V-VI, 29-30. Anal 30-31. Pectoral nearly as long as head,
longer than pelvics. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep.
46 to 52 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal, 26 to 33
in upper lateral line, which ends below middle or posterior part of soft dorsal, 16 to
23 in lower lateral line. Dark bars across the back, which break up into spots on the
sides of the body; often a bar through spinous dorsal connecting the bases of the
pectorals ; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins with series of small dark spots on the rays ;
pelvics and anal pale, sometimes with a few spots.

South Georgia ; South Sandwich Islands.

Here described from six specimens, 70 to 116 mm. in total length, one from
South Georgia (LONNBERG), the rest from the South Sandwich group (ALLARDYCE).

(20) Notothenva elegans.
Giinth., “‘ Challenger” Shore Fish., p. 21, pl. xi. fig. C (1880).

Depth of body 6 to 7 in the length, leneth of head 44. Diameter of eye 3} in
the length of head, interorbital width 12. Maxillary extending to below anterior
5 of eye; a few scales behind eye and on upper part of operculum, rest of head
probably sealeless; 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI, 33.
Anal 31. Pectoral } the length of head, rather shorter than the pelvics, which reach
the anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle somewhat deeper than long. 46 to 48
seales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal, 40 or 41 in upper
lateral line, which ends below last rays of dorsal, 4 to 9 in lower lateral line. Large
dark spots or vertical bars on sides of body; tip of spinous dorsal pink; soft dorsal
with 3 or 4 series of small dark spots.

Magellan Straits.

Here described from the types, two specimens 95 mm. in total length, from off

Cape Virgins, Patagonia, 55 fathoms.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 275

(21) Notothenta cornucola.

Richards., ‘‘ Hrebus” and “Terror” Fish., pp. 8, 18, pls. viii. figs. 4, 5, and xi. figs. 3, 4 (1845) ;
Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 261 (1860).
Notothenia viryata, Richards., t.c., p. 18, pl. xi. figs. 5, 6; Giinth., tc, p. 262.
ye marginata, Richards., t.c., p. 18, pl. xii. figs. 38, 4.
: modesta, Steind., Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., iv., 1898, p. 302, pl. xx. fig. 3.
Depth of body 3% to 44 in the length, length of head 3 to 3}. Diameter of eye
43 to 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 5} to 7. Jaws equal anteriorly ;
maxillary extending to below middle of eye; usually a few scales behind eye and on
upper part of operculum; 11 or 12 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal IV—VI, 31-34. Anal 27-31. Pectoral about 3 the length of head, extending
to above origin of anal or a little beyond: pelvics about as long. Caudal rounded.
Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. 47 to 55 scales in a longitudinal series from
above base of pectoral to caudal, 36 to 42 in upper lateral line, which ends below last
2 or 3 rays of dorsal ; 6 to 12 in lower lateral line, when it is developed; only 2 or 3
scales between lateral line and posterior rays of dorsal. Body usually spotted or
marbled, sometimes with a pale lateral band; vertical fins dusky.
Patagonia; Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands; New Zealand ; Chatham Islands.
Here described from numerous specimens, 90 to 140 mm. in total length, including
the types of the species, of NV. virgata and of N. marginata, mostly from the Falkland
Islands and Magellan Straits ; one small specimen from New Zealand. Some examples
were taken at Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, shore, by the Scotva.

(22) Notothenia cynaneobrancha.

Richards., ‘“‘ Hrebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 7, pl. iv. (1844); Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 261 (1860).

Notothenia purpuriceps, Richards., /.c., pl. ii. figs. 3, 4; Giinth., éc., p. 262.

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 3 to 4. Diameter of eye
4 to 6 in the length of head, interorbital width 5 to 6. Jaws equal anteriorly ;
maxillary extending to below middle or posterior part of eye; upper surface of head
naked except for a few temporal and post-temporal scales, which may be absent in the
young; cheek scaly behind and below eye, the lower } (young) or 4 (adult) naked ;
upper part of operculum scaly ; 10 to 13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch,
Dorsal IV-VI, 33-36. Anal 30-83. Pectoral $ the length of head, extending to
above vent or origin of anal (adult) or a little beyond (young); pelvics about as long.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. 60 to 70 scales in a
longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal, 32 to 39 in upper lateral
line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal; lower lateral line, when developed,
with 6 to 15 tubular scales. A dark oblique stripe from eye to angle of preeoperculum,
another below it.

276 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

Kerouelen.

Here described from several specimens, 120 to 260 mm. in total length, including
the type of the species.

(23) Notothenia corviceps.
Richards., “ Hrebus” and “Terror” Fish., p. 5, pl. iii. figs. 1, 2 (1884); Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii.
p. 261 (1860) ; Vaill., Expéd. Antarct, Francaise, Poiss., p. 24 (1906).

Depth of body 33 to 43 in the length, length of head 8 to 33. Diameter of eye
4} to 7 in the length of head, interorbital width 4 to 5. Jaws equal anteriorly ;
maxillary extending to below middle (young) or posterior margin (adult) of eye ; head
naked except for a few scales behind eye, on upper part of operculum, and on post-
temporal region ; 10 to 14 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II-VI,
35-40. Anal 27-31. Pectoral from less than 2 (in large specimens) to 2 the length
of head, extending to above origin or anterior rays of anal; pelvics shorter, not or
barely reaching vent. Caudal subtruncate. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep.
54 to 68 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral to caudal, 34 to 49
in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior part of dorsal, 8 to 17 in lower lateral
line ; 4 or 5 scales between lateral line and posterior dorsal rays. Colour varying from
dark greenish black to a pale orange, with or without spots or marking; usually one
or two oblique dark bars across cheek, sometimes broken up into spots; head sometimes
with pale spots enclosed in dark rings; spots on body and dorsal fin sometimes large
and tesselated, more often smaller and scattered, rarely uniting to form longitudinal
stripes ; soft dorsal and anal usually with a pale edge.

Graham Land and neighbouring islands; Kerguelen; Victoria Land.

Here described from a large series of specimens obtained by the Scotza at Station 325,
Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, 160 to 450 mm. in total length, in addition to the type
of the species from Kerguelen, examples from Duke of York Island and Cape Adare,
Victoria Land (Southern Cross), and from Graham Land (Francais).

(24) Notothenia rossi.
Richards., “ Hrebus” and “Terror” Fish., p. 9, pl. v. figs. 1, 2 (1844); Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii.
p-. 263 (1860).
Macronotothen rossti, Gill, Proc, Acad. Philad., 1861, p. 521.
Notothenia marmorata, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., ii., 1885, p. 53; Lonnberg, Swedish
South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 34.
Depth of body 4} to 4} in the length, length of head 32 to 33. Diameter of eye
5 to 54 in the length of head, interorbital width 3}. Jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary
extending to below anterior margin of pupil; scales on upper part of cheek and operculum
and on temporal region ; upper surface of head papillose; 12 gill-rakers on lower part
of anterior arch. Dorsal V-VII, 33-385. Anal 27-29. Pectoral 3 the length of head,
longer than pelvics. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer
than deep. 58 to 62 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 277

caudal, 46 to 52 in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior rays of dorsal, 10
to 18 in lower lateral line. Body marbled; dorsal with 2 or 3 series of dark spots ;
anal and caudal with a dark band.

South Georgia ; South Orkneys.

Here described from two specimens, 250 mm. in total length, from South Georgia ;
a little fish, 62 mm. in total length, obtained by the Scotia at Station 325, Scotia
Bay, South Orkneys, seems to belong to this species.

Notothenia rossii was based on a large stuffed specimen, 850 mm. in total length,

with the dorsal spines short and blunt as they often are in large Nototheniids.

(25) Notothenia macrocephala.

Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 263 (1860).
Notothenia maoriensis, Haast, Trans. N.Z. Inst., v., 1873, p. 276, pl. xvi. fig.

95 angustata, Hutton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xvi., 1875, p. 315.

3 hassleriana, Steind., Sitzwngsb. Akad. Wien, \xxii., 1876, p. 69, pl. vi. fig.
‘ antarctica, Peters, Monatsh. Akad. Berlin, 1876, p. 837.

53 arguta, Hutton, Trans. V.Z. Inst., x1., 1879, p. 339.

3 portert, Delfin, Rev. Chilen. Hist. Nat., 11., 1899, p. 117.

Depth of body 8 to 4 in the length, length of head 34 to 3}. Diameter of eye
4 to 6 in the length of head, interorbital width 2} to 34. Jaws equal anteriorly ;
maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye; imbricate scales behind eye and on
upper part of operculum ; upper surface and sides of head otherwise naked, papillose ;
10 to 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IV (III-VI), 29-31. Anal
22-25. Pectoral 2 to 2 the length of head, considerably longer than pelvics. Caudal
truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle usually somewhat longer than deep,
48 to 56 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to caudal; 36
to 44 in upper lateral line, which ends below posterior rays of dorsal, 6 to 12 in lower
lateral line. More or less distinct longitudinal stripes or series of spots on the sides ;
dorsal dusky, sometimes reticulated; caudal, anal, and pelvics sometimes similarly
coloured.

Patagonia; Magellan Straits; Falkland Islands; New Zealand ; Auckland Island ;
Campbell Island.

Here described from several specimens, 136 to 280 mm. in total length, from New
Zealand, Campbell Island, Magellan Straits, and the Falkland Islands. In addition
to the type of the species, types of N. arguta and N. angustata have been examined.

(26) Notothenia microlepidota.
Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., viii.. 1876, p. 213; Waite, Subantaretic Isl. N. Zealand, Pisces,
p. 590, fig. (1909).
Notothenia parva, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., xi., 1879, p. 339.
Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 3} to 34. Diameter of eye
44 to 64 in the length of head, interorbital width 34 to 43. Upper surface of head
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 36

278 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

naked, papillose; sides mostly naked, scaly behind the eye and on upper part of
operculum ; 11 or 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI-VII, 28-29.
Anal 23-25. Pectoral 4} (adult) to 2

7

(young) the length of head; pelvics nearly as
long, not reaching vent. Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Caudal peduncle deeper
than long. 52 to 58 seales in a longitudinal series from above base of pectoral fin to
caudal, 52 to 60 in upper lateral line, which ends near end of dorsal fin, 10 to 15 in
lower lateral line. Head reticulated ; body and fins spotted.

New Zealand; Auckland Island ; Campbell Island.

Here described from five specimens, 90 to 500 mm. in total length, from Auckland

and Campbell Islands, the smallest the type of V. parva.

(27) Notothenia colbecki.
Bouleng., “Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 185, pl. xvi. (1902); Waite, Subantarctic Isl. N. Zealand,
Pisces, p. 594 (1909).

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 34 to 33. Diameter of eye
5 to 7 in the leneth of head, interorbital width 3 to 4. Maxillary extending to below
anterior part or middle of eye; head mostly naked, with granular papillee, scaly behind
the eye and on upper part of operculum; 15 to 18 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior
arch. Dorsal VI-VIII, 26-27. Anal 23-24. Pectoral 2 to § the length of head, some-
what longer than pelvies, which do not reach the vent. Caudal emarginate. Caudal
peduncle longer than deep. 84 to 92 scales in a longitudinal series from above base of
pectoral to caudal, 62 to 69 in upper lateral line, which ends near end of dorsal fin,
24 to 35 in lower lateral line. Brownish above, yellowish below; a pair of oblique
stripes across the cheek ; dorsal and caudal dusky.

Auckland Island ; Campbell Island.

Here described from specimens 125 to 550 mm. in total length, including the types
from Campbell Island and a large stuffed specimen from Auckland.

(28) Notothenia filholi.
Sauvage, Bull. Soc. philom., (7), iv., 1880, p. 228; Passage de Vénus, iii. p. 345 (1885); Vaillant,
Expéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 22 (1906).
Depth of body about 6 in the length, length of head 3} to 4. Diameter of eye
45 to 5 in length of head, interorbital width about 4. Head mostly naked, with
granular papillee; scaly behind the eye and on upper part of operculum. Dorsal
VI-VU, 24-27. Anal 18-20, Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep.
Scales in a longitudinal series 100 to 110 (SauvaGE) or 78 (VAILLANT), the discrepancy
probably due to different methods of counting. Lower lateral line extending forward
to above middle of anal, its anterior 15 scales overlapped by the upper. Brownish.
Campbell Island.

Total length 150 mm.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 279

4. Dissostichus, Smitt, 1898.
Bih. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xxiv., iv., No. 5, p. 1.

Differs from Notothenia in that the teeth are uniserial, spaced, canine-like.

Patagonia to Graham Land.

Dissostichus eleginoides.
Smitt, 4e., p. 2, pl. i. figs. 1-11; Vaillant, Expéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 36.

Depth of body about 6 in the length, length of head 3. Diameter of eye about
5 in the length of head, interorbital width about 43 (2.53). Maxillary extending to
below middle of eye; upper surface of head to nostrils, cheeks and opercles sealy.
Dorsal IX—X, 27-28. Anal 28-30. Pectoral? the length of head. Caudal truncate
or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle much longer than deep. About 124 scales
in a longitudinal series ; upper lateral line extending back beyond dorsal, lower extend-
ing forward nearly to the pectoral.

Total length of the type, 228 mm.

Magellan Straits; Graham Land.

5. Eleginops, Gill, 1861.
Proc. Acad. Philad., 1861, p. 522.
Eleginus (non Fischer), Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poitss., v. p. 158 (1830); Giinth., Cat. Fish.,
ii. p. 247 (1860).
This genus differs from Notothenia in the rather small mouth, in the complete
absence of the lower lateral line, and in the shape of the pectoral fin.

Chile; Patagonia; Falkland Islands.

Eleginops maclovinus.

Eleginus maclovinus, Cuv. and Val., /.c.; Giinth., le.
3 chilensis, Cuy. and Val., 0.¢., ix. p. 480 (1833) ; Giinth., xe,
Aphritis undulatus, Jenyus, Zool. “ Beagle,” Fish., p. 160, pl. xxix. fig. 1 ; Giinth., é.c., p. 243.
6p porosus, Jenyns, t.c., p. 162; Giinth., lc.
Eleginus falklandicus, Richards., ‘ Hrebus” and “ Terror ” Fish., p. 30, pl. xx. figs. 1-3 (1845).
Depth of body 44 to 54 in the length, length of head 34 to 4. Diameter of eye
5 to 8 in the length of head, interorbital width 3 to 5. Maxillary just reaching
vertical from anterior margin of eye in the young, but not in the adult; occiput, inter-
orbital region, cheeks, and opercles scaly ; 14 or 15 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior
arch. Dorsal VIIL-IX, 24-26. Anal 22-24. Pectoral obliquely truncated, with the
upper rays longest, nearly as long as head. Caudal truncate or emarginate. About
60 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, and 65 in the lateral line, which nearly reaches
the caudal fin. Body often spotted or marbled.
Chile; Patagonia; Falkland Islands.
Here described from several specimens, 120 to 450 mm. in total length.

‘\

280 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

6. Artedidraco, Linnberg, 1905.
Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 39.

Differs from Notothenia in the naked body, the absence of the lower lateral line,
the presence of a mental barbel, the broad union of the gill-membranes to the isthmus,
and the hooked operculum.

Coasts of the Antarctic Continent and South Georgia.

1) Artedidraco mirus.
Linnberg, ¢.c., p. 40, pl. i. fig. 4 and pl. iv. fig. 14.

Barbel club-shaped in the male. Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head
2% to 25. Diameter of eye 34 to 4 in the length of head; interorbital width 74 to 83.
Dorsal III, 28-24. Anal 17.

Length of types 40 to 92 mm.

South Georgia.

(2) Artedidraco skottshergi.
Lonnberg, ¢.c., p. 48, pl. il. fig. 7, pl. iv. fig. 15; Vaillant, Hapéd. Antarct. Frangaise, Poiss.,
p. 46 (1906).

Depth of body 43 to 5 in the length, length of head 3. Diameter of eye 3 to 33
in the length of head, interorbital width 9 or 10. Dorsal III, 24-25. Anal 18-19.

Graham Land, 125 m.

Length of type 57 mm.

(8) Artedidraco shackletoni.
Waite, Brit, Antarctic Exped., Fish., p. 15, pl. ii. (1911),
Depth of body 4 in the Jength, length of head about 3. Diameter of eye 3% in the
length of head, interorbital width 10. Dorsal V, 27. Anal 20.
Length of type 146 mm.
Victoria Land ; off Cape Royds, Ross Island, 30 to 80 fathoms.

7. Harpagifer, Richards., 1844.
“ Krebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 11.
Differs from Artedidraco in the absence of the mental barbel and the development
of the operculum and suboperculum as strong spines.
Patagonia to Graham Land and Kerguelen.

Harpagifer bispinis.
Batrachus bispinis (Callionymus bispinus, Forster), Schneid., Bloch’s Syst. Ichth., p. 45 (1801).
Harpagifer bispinis, Richards., t.c., pp. 11, 19, pls. vii. figs. 1-3, xii. figs. 8-9 ; Giinth., Cat. Fish.,
p. 263 (1860); Smitt, Bihang Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xxiv., 1898, iv., No. 5, p. 17;
Vaillant, Hxpéd. Antarct. Frangaise, Poiss., p. 44 (1906); Pappenheim, Deutsche Stidpolar-
Iped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 177 (1912).
Harpagifer palliolatus, Richards., t.c., p 20, pl. xii. figs. 5-7.

Dorsal H1I-V, 21-25. Anal 16-20. Coloration variable, usually with bars or
blotches.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 281

Total length 100 mm.

Patagonia; Magellan Straits; Graham Land; Falkland Islands; South Georgia ;
South Orkneys; Marion Islands; Kerguelen.

The Scotia examples are from Station 118, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, and
Station 325, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

Family 3. BatTHypRacoNnIp&.

The depressed head, produced snout, non-protractile mouth, and absence of the
spinous dorsal fin distinguish this family externally from the Nototheniide ; the genera
with spatulate snout may be distinguished from the Cheenichthyids without a spinous
dorsal fin by their scaly body.

The skeleton of Gymnodraco differs from that of Notothenia in the more depressed
skull and more produced rostrum, the elongation of the palatine, which loses its lateral
ethmoid attachment, and the separation of the mesopterygoid and the metapterygoid,
so that the upper margin of the quadrate is free. The pectoral arch is asin Notothenia.
There are 49 vertebre (20+29), the precaudals with parapophyses behind which
the long slender epipleurals are inserted, and the feeble ribs attached to the epipleurals
at some distance from the centra.

I have ascertained that Bathydraco agrees with Gymnodraco in the structure of
the palatine and of the pectoral arch, and in the presence of ribs.

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Body scaly; snout spatulate; teeth villiform or cardiform, in bands, without
canines.

A single lateral line running to or towards middle of base of caudal fin ; body
completely sealed : 1. Bathydraco.

Lateral line running near base of Apfel ane node nermpletely sealed.
2. Gerlachea.

Lateral line running near base of dorsal fin ; scales in scattered groups.

3. Racovitzaia.
[I. Body naked; snout pointed; teeth curved, compressed, close-set in a single
series, with strong anterior canines . , . 4. Gymnodraco.

1. Bathydraco, Ginth., 1878.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), u. p. 18.
Body scaly ; a single lateral line, running to or towards middle of base of caudal.
Snout spatulate ; jaws with small villiform teeth im bands.
Antarctic, in deep water.
Gunruer has stated 10 branchiostegals for B. antarcticus, but I find only 7.
Dotto gives 6 for B. scotix, but I count 7 in that species also.

\

282 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

(1) Bathydraco antarcticus.
Giinth., Zc., and “ Challenger” Deep-Sea Fish., p. 47, pl. viii. fig. A (1887).

Elongate, subeylindrical, the depth 9 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 14 as
long as diameter of eye, which is 4 in length of head, interorbital width 20. Lower
jaw projecting ; maxillary reaching vertical from anterior margin of eye; cheek com-
pletely scaled; 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 36. Anal 31.
Caudal subtruncate. Pectoral truncated, as long as head without snout, reaching origin
of anal. About 140 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, about 60 in the lateral line,
which is complete. Brownish; fins dusky.

South-east of Heard Island, 1260 fathoms.

Here described from the type, 260 mm. in total length.

(2) Bathydraco macrolepis.
Bouleng., Nat. Antarctic Kaped, Nat. Hist., ii., Fish., p. 4, pl. i. fig. 3 (1907).

Depth of body 9 in the length, length of head 3. Snout 12 as long as diameter of
eye, which is 44 in the length of head, interorbital width 14. Lower jaw projecting ;
maxillary reaching vertical from anterior margin of eye; cheeks naked below the sub-
orbitals ; 11 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 34. Anal 29. Caudal
subtruncate. Pectoral as long as head behind middle of eye, reaching origin of anal.
About 90 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, about 55 in the lateral line, which is
complete. Brownish; fins dusky.

South-west of Balleny Islands, 252 fathoms.

Here described from the type, 210 mm. in total length. In the original description
the number of gill-rakers was erroneously given as 6, and of dorsal rays as 39; the

latter number is also shown in the figure.

(3) Bathydraco scotiv. (PI. UX. fig. 4.)

Dollo, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxvi., 1906, p.

aK

Depth of body 9 to 10 in the length, length of head 34. Snout 14 as long as eye,
the diameter of which is 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 12 or 138. Lower
jaw projecting ; maxillary not reaching the vertical from anterior margin of eye; cheek
naked below the suborbitals; 19 to 22 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal 38. Anal 31. Caudal subtruneate. Pectoral as long as head without snout,
extending a little beyond origin of anal. About 100 scales in a lateral longitudinal
series, 36 to 40 in the lateral line, which ends at a distance from the caudal equal to
} its own length.

Two specimens, 133 and 145 mm. in total length, taken by the Scotia at Station 417,
71° 22’ S., 16° 34’ W., off Coats Land: depth 1410 fathoms; temperature 31°9° F. ;
trawl; 18th March 1904.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 283

2. Gerlachea, Dollo, 1900.
Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. Sciences, p. 195.

Differs from Bathydraco in that the lateral line runs near the base of the dorsal
fin; a second short lateral line above base of anal.
Deep water off Graham Land.

Gerlachea australis.
Dollo, t.c., p. 196, and Rés. Voy. ‘* Belyica,” Poiss., p. 25, pl. ii. fig. 1 and pl. v. fig. 2 (1904).

Depth of body 83 in the length, length of head 34. Snout twice as long as diameter
of eye, which is 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 11. Maxillary not reaching
vertical from anterior edge of eye; cheek fully scaled. Dorsal 47. Anal 35.
Pectoral 3 the length of head. Caudal emarginate.

71° 14’ S., 89° 14’ W., 246 fathoms.

Total length 180 mm.

3. Racovitzaia, Dollo, 1900.
Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. Sciences, p. 317.

Body with scattered groups of scales; a single lateral line running near base of
dorsal fin; an ineubatory pouch between pelvic fins and vent; in other characters
similar to Gerlachea.

Deep water off Graham Land.

Racovitzaia glacialis.
Dollo, f.c., p. 318, and Rés. Voy. “ Belgica,” Poiss., p. 29, pl. ii. figs. 2, 3, pl. v. fig. 3 (1904).

Depth of body 12 in the length, length of head 384. Diameter of eye 4 in the length
of head, interorbital width 25. Maxillary not reaching vertical from anterior margin
of eye. Dorsal 30. Anal 27.

71 19'S., 87° 37’ W., 237 fathoms.

Total length 82 mm.

4. Gymnodraco, Bouleng., 1902.
“ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 186.

Body naked, depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head depressed ; snout
produced, pointed ; jaws with curved compressed teeth, close-set in a single series and
with large anterior canines, those of the mandible exposed in front of the snout.
Operculum with a strong spine with a hooked branch; suboperculum with a short
spine; 6 branchiostegals; gill-membranes forming a fold across isthmus. Two
lateral lines.

Coasts of the Antarctic Continent.

\

284 MR 0. TATE REGAN ON THE

Gymnodraco acuticeps.
Bouleng., d.c., pl. xvii.; Pappenheim, Deutsche Stidpolar-Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 176, pl. ix. tig. 4 (1912).

Depth of body 8 in the length, length of head about 3. Snout as long as post-
orbital part of head. Diameter of eye 5 to 6 in length of head, interorbital width 6 to
7. Lower jaw strongly projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior margin of
eye; gill-rakers short, sometimes almost vestigial except near the angle. Dorsal 28-30.
Anal 24-26. Pectoral truncated, $ as long as head. Caudal truncate. Large dark
spots on head and body ; fins dusky.

Victoria Land; Wilhelm Land.

Here described from the types, 200 to 300 mm. in total leneth, from Cape Adare,
4 to 8 fathoms.

Family 4. CoanicHTHy1p&.

This family differs externally from the Nototheniidze in the naked body, produced
spatulate snout, and non-protractile mouth. The skeleton of Champsocephalus esox
shows several peculiarities. The skull is depressed, with the long rostral lamina formed
by the frontals and the ethmo-vomer ; the parasphenoid meets the frontals between the
small lateral ethmoids at the anterior margin of the orbit. ‘The palatine is represented
by the maxillary process, attached to the lateral edge of the rostral lamina near its
anterior end, and by a posterior portion articulating with the lateral ethmoid, these
being connected by a long and slender ligament; the pterygoid is slender, and there
is no mesopterygoid. ‘The preeorbital is large, but the suborbitals are unossified. The
pectoral arch is as in Notothenia, here are 57 vertebrae (28+29); the epipleurals
are sessile, but the ribs are not ossified.

I have ascertained that Chanichthys and Pagetopsis are essentially similar in the
structure of the rostrum, the palato-pterygoids and the pectoral arch, and in the
absence of ribs. In all the genera the mouth is very distensible and the dentaries
are freely movable on the articulars; this is the case, to a certain extent, in the
Bathydraconidee also.

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Two lateral lines ; pelvic fin-rays all branched or bifid, the middle ones the longest.
A. Lateral line without bony plates; a spinous dorsal fin, subcontinuous

with the soft dorsal.
No spine on snout; spinous dorsal of 9 or 10 spines, not more than 4 the length

of soft dorsal — . : . 1. Champsocephalus.
A median spine near end of snout; spinous dorsal of 12 to 15 spines, more than
$ as long as soft dorsal. : : 5 : . 2. Pagetopsis.

B. Lateral line with bony plates.
A spinous dorsal fin — . : : : . : 4 . 38. Chenichthys.

No spinous dorsal fin . : é : ; : ~ 4. Parachenichthys.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 285

II. Two lateral lines; outer rays of pelvic fins longest; dorsal fins separated by

an interspace ; lateral lime without bony plates . 5. Chenocephalus.

Ill. Three lateral lines.
Pelvic fins of moderate length : : : : . 6. Chionodraco.
Pelvic fins elongate, the rays simple. : : ; : 7. Cryodraco.

1. Champsocephalus, Gill, 1861.
Proc. Acad. Philad., p. 509.

Body naked, elongate; 2 lateral lines, without bony plates. Eye nearly in
middle of length of head; no spine on snout. Jaws with rather narrow bands of small
sharp teeth, forming only 2 series laterally ; lower jaw not projecting. Gill-rakers
short, but well developed on all the branchial arches, dentigerous, about 20 on lower
part of anterior arch. Spinous dorsal fin well developed, its base less than 4 that of
the soft dorsal, with which it is almost continuous; pelvics comparatively short, with
the rays normally branched, the middle ones the longest.

Patagonia; Magellan Straits ; South Georgia.

(1) Champsocephalus esox. (Pl. X. fig. 1.)
Chenichthys esox, Giiuth., Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist. (3), vii., 1861, p. 89.

Depth of body 7 to 8 in the length, length of head 3 to 33. Snout a little longer
than postorbital part of head. Diameter of eye 7 in the length of head, interorbital
width 4 to 5. Supraorbital edges not raised. Maxillary extending to below anterior
part or middle of eye. Uppermost opercular spine shorter than and quite distinct from
the middle one. Dorsal (IX) X, 33-386. Anal 32-35,

Body with dark cross-bars.

Patagonia ; Magellan Straits.

Here described from five specimens, 200 to 300 mm. in total length, including the
type of the species.

(2) Champsocephalus gunnart. (PI. X. fig. 2.)
Lénnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 37 (1905).

Depth of body 64 in the length, length of head 33. Snout as long as postorbital
part of head. Diameter of eye 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 34.
Supraorbital edges not raised. Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye.
Uppermost and middle opercular spines only free distally, appearing as a single bifid
spine. Dorsal IX (X), 37-40. Anal 36-38. Plumbeous, with some broad darker
cross-bars.

South Georgia.

Here described from a specimen of 420 mm.
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART II. (NO. 2). 37

286 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

2. Pagetopsis, gen. nov.

Body naked, moderately elongate; two lateral lines, without bony plates. Hye

behind middle of length of head ; an antrorse curved spine near end of snout. Teeth

in jaws small, sharp, biserial; lower jaw slightly projecting; gill-rakers vestigial or

absent. Spinous dorsal fin well developed, its base more than } that of the soft
dorsal; pelvics rather long, the rays bifid or slightly branched,

Coasts of the Antarctic Continent.

Pagetopsis macropterus.
Champsocephalus macropterus, Bouleug., Nat. Antarctic Exped. Nat. Hist., i1., Fish. p. 3, pl. 1. ;
Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped , xiii., Zool., v. p. 174 (1912).

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head 2% to 24. Snout nearly 3 the
length of head. Diameter of eye 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 4.
Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. 3 or 4 opercular spines, the upper-
most with an antrorse hook. Dorsal XII-XV, 28-31. Anal 25-27. Pectoral 3,
pelvics ? the length of head. Dark spots and vermiculations on head; irregular
double ecross-bars on body.

Victoria Land ; Wilhelm Land.

Here described from the types, 160 to 250 mm. in total length, from the stomach
of a seal near Cape Armitage, Ross Island.

3. Chenichthys, Richards., 1844.
“ Brebus” and “Terror” Fish., p. 12; Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 249 (1860).

Differs from Champsocephalus in having a spine on the snout, the teeth in
broader bands, and in the bony plates of the lateral line. Dorsal fins separated by an
interspace. Gill-rakers short, dentigerous.

Kerguelen.

(1) Chenichthys rhinoceratus.
Richards., 4c. p. 13, pl. vi.; Giinth., Cat. Fish., ii. p. 249 (1860); Pappenheim, Deutsche
Stidpolar-Huped., xiii., Zool,, v. p. 193.
Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 23. Snout nearly 4 the length
of head. Diameter of eye 5} to 6 in the length of head, interorbital width 5 to 54.
Maxillary extending beyond middle of eye (adult). Head moderately rugose ; supra-
orbital edges slightly raised. Dorsal VII, 83-384. Anal 30-83. Second and third
rays of spinous dorsal longest, thence decreasing rapidly. 79 to 84 plates in upper
lateral line; a few plates on middle of side. Brownish, with darker spots and
reticulations.
Description from the type, a specimen of 450 mm. and a second example of
175 mm., from Kerguelen.

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 287

(2) Chenichthys rugosus, sp. n.

Eye smaller than in C. rhinoceratus, diameter 8 in head. Head rougher and
supraorbital edges more elevated. Maxillary shorter, not quite reaching middle of
eye. Dorsal VIII, 30; third and fourth spines longest, fifth as long as first. Anal 29.
62 plates in upper lateral line; a nearly continuous series of plates on middle of side.

A specimen of 400 mm. from Kerguelen.

A stuffed example with VIII, 34 dorsal and 30 anal rays, and 72 plates in the
lateral line, appears to belong to this species.

4. Parachenichthys, Bouleng., 1902.
“ Southern Cross” Pisces, p. 176.

Differs from Chenichthys in the absence of the spinous dorsal fin.
South Georgia ; Graham Land.

Parachexnichthys georgianus.
Chenichthys georgianus, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss, Anstalt, 1i., 1885, p. 50, pl. i. figs. 1, 2.

q . charcoti, Vaillant, Hapéd. Antarct. Francaise, Poiss., p. 39, fig.

Maxillary not nearly reaching the vertical from anterior margin of eye. Inter-
orbital region narrow, its width less than 4} the diameter of eye. Dorsal 44.
Anal 32.

South Georgia; Graham Land.

Total length 490 mm.

It seems probable that the imperfect fish described by Variant, from Graham
Land, belongs to this species. The figure of the upper surface of the head is at first
sight rather different from Fiscner’s, but the differences may be due to the expansion
of the jaws and opereles and the smaller size of the specimen (head 136 as against
173 mm.).

5. Chenocephalus, gen. nov.

Body naked, elongate; two lateral lines without distinet bony plates. Eye some-
what behind middle of head ; a small prominence at anterior end of ethmoid ; jaws with
small sharp teeth forming rather broad bands, there being several series even at the
sides; lower jaw not projecting; gill-rakers absent except for 3 or 4 very short
ones below the angle of the first arch. Spinous dorsal fin well developed, its base
about 4 that of the soft dorsal, from which it is separated by an interspace ; pelvics
comparatively short, with the two outer rays the longest, enveloped in thick skin,
but bifid, the others normally branched.

South Georgia.

288 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

Chenocephalus aceratus. (Pl. XL)
Chenichthys aceratus, Lonnberg, Kungl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., x1., 1906, No. 5, p. 97.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, length of head 2} to 23%. Snout a little less
than } the length of head. Diameter of eye 5 to 6 in the length of head, interorbital
width about 5. Supraorbital edges raised; operculum with 3 radiating ridges ending
in spines, the uppermost bifid. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye or beyond.
Dorsal VII-VIIT, 39-40; third spine longest, } to more than 2 the length of head.
Anal 37-38. Pectoral and pelvic fins subequal in length, nearly } the length of head.
Greyish, with 4 or 5 dark cross bands, the first from spinous dorsal through base of
pectoral, the second downwards from origin of soft dorsal, the others less regular and
sometimes with narrower bars developed between them.

South Georgia.

Four specimens, 480 to 530 mm. in total length, collected by Mr Davip Frreuson,
and presented to the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory by Messrs SALVESEN.

6. Chionodraco, Linnberg, 1906.
Kungl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xl., No. 5, p. 99.

Apparently intermediate between Chanocephalus and Cryodraco, resembling the
former in fin-structure, the latter in the three lateral lines and the well-developed
rostral spine.

Graham Land.

Chionodraco hamatus.

Chenichthys rhinoceratus subsp. hamatus, Lonnberg, Swedish South Polar Exped., Fish., p. 47 (1905).

Chionodraco hamatus, Lonnberg, Kungl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xl., 1906, No. 5, p. 99.

Head 3 in total length (with caudal). Snout nearly } length of head, nearly twice
diameter of eye, and 14 interorbital width. Dorsal VII, 37. Anal 33.

Snow Hill.

Total length 330 mm.

7. Cryodraco, Dollo, 1900.*
Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. Sciences, p. 129.

Differs from Chenocephalus especially in the structure of the pelvic fins, with the
rays simple, the two outer enlarged and prolonged, and in the presence of an additional
lateral line at the base of the anal fin.

Graham Land; Wilhelm Land.

(1) Cryodraco antarcticus.
Dollo, é.¢., p. 130, and Rés. Voy. “ Belgica,” Poiss., p. 20, pl. i. pl. v. fig. 7 (1904).
Depth of body 8 in the length, length of head 34. Snout 2, eye 4, interorbital width
5 in the length of head. Dorsal HII, 44. Anal 43. Pelvic fin more than } the leneth

* A fish from Wilhelm Land, 69 mm. long, is recorded by PAPPENHEIM under the name Pagetodes antarcticus. The
number of fin-rays (DIV, 31. A 31) scarcely justifies this determination, and the fish may well belong to an undescribed
species. But as it is so juvenile and even its generic position uncertain, I refrain from giving it a specific name,

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 289

of the fish, extending nearly to end of dorsal fin. Body with 7 dark transverse
bands.

71° 18’ S., 88° 2’ W., 450 metres.

Total length 200 mm.

(2) Cryodraco pappenheim, sp. n.

Pagetodes * antarcticus (non Dollo), Pappenheim, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., xiii., Zool., v. p. 175.

Length of head 2% in the length of the fish. Snout 2 in the length of head, diameter
of eye 5, interorbital width 4. Dorsal V, 45. Anal 39. Pelvics only reaching four-
teenth ray of dorsal (the prolonged rays perhaps not entire).

Wilhelm Land.

Length of the type, 168 mm. to hase of caudal. This species is known to me only
from Dr PapPpENHEIM’s description and from some notes and measurements that he has
kindly sent me. Some of these may be given for comparison with those of the type
of C. antarcticus. ‘Che measurements are in millimetres.

Head to End of

Length to Base Interorbital

: Opercular Bony Snout, Kye. 5

of Candal, Flap. Operculum. Width.

C. antareticus . 3 . 173 156 53 26°5 13°25 10°6 +
C. pappenheime . ‘ . 168 68 164 32 13 16

IV. Tue Systematic PostrloN AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE
GALAXIIDA AND HaAPLOCHITONID.

The Galaxiidee and Haplochitonidee are Teleostean fishes of the order Isospondyh,
that is to say, they are malacopterous physostomes with a truly homocereal caudal fin,
with abdominal pelvic fins, and with ribs inserted on autogenous parapophyses. In
this order the name Salmonoid may be given to a group of fishes with an adipose fin
usually present, with one supramaxillary or none, with parietals well developed, and
with oviducts absent or incomplete. The relations of the Salmonoid families are

indicated in the following synopsis :—

I. An orbitosphenoid ; an opisthotic ; a mesocoracoid ; vertebrae upturned at base

of caudal fin ‘ : : ; , : 1. Salmonide,

Il. An orbitosphenoid; no opisthotic; no upturned vertebree; meso-pterygoids
toothless.

A mesocoracoid ; parapophyses inferior . : ; . 2 Argentinide.

No mesocoracoid ; parapophyses lateral. : . 3. Microstonide.

* The fish named Pagetodes by RrcHarpson (“ Erebus” and “ Terror” Fish., p. 15, pl. viii. fig. 3) may have belonged
to the genus Cryodraco, but in the form of the body, the length of the pelvic fins, and the continuous dorsals it shows
more resemblance to Pagetopsis. Until RrcHarpson’s species is rediscovered, the name Pagetodes cannot be used.

+ Dotno’s figure of the upper surface of the head is enlarged, the length of the head, to the end of the bony
operculum, to 80 mm. and the interorbital width to 16 mm.

\

290 MR C. TATE REGAN ON THE

III]. No orbitosphenoid; no opisthotic; no upturned vertebre; mesopterygoids
toothed (absent in Salangidze).
A. A mesocoracoid ; maxillaries dentigerous, entering gape. 4. Osmeride.
B. No mesocoracoid ; maxillaries dentigerous, entering gape.

Head compressed ; mesopterygoid well developed, dentigerous ; ribs ossified.
5. Retropinnatide.
Head strongly depressed ; no mesopterygoid ; ribs not ossified 6. Salangide.

C. No mesocoracoid ; maxillaries toothless, behind preemaxillaries.
Praemaxillaries not extending whole length of maxillaries ; roof of myodome
unossified ; no adipose fin . : : : } 7. Galaxiide.
Premaxillaries nearly reaching extremities of maxillaries; roof of myodome
ossified ; an adipose fin. ; 8. Haplochitonde.

The Argentinidse and Microstomide are inhabitants of rather deep water, but the
rest are littoral fishes, many of them entering fresh water and often forming colonies,
races, or species confined to fresh water.

It is of some interest to note that the Galaxiide and Haplochitonide are related to,
but more specialised than, the Osmeridee, or Smelt family, of northern seas. Retropinna,
from the coasts and rivers of Australia and New Zealand, is still nearer to the Galaxiidee
and Haplochitonidee ; both these families oceur in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand,
South America, and the Falkland Islands, and there are even two species of Galaxias
at the Cape of Good Hope. All the species enter fresh water, and the majority seem
to be strictly fluviatile or lacustrine, but in a few cases species of Galaxias have been
observed in the sea.

In 1906 (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, i. pp. 368-884, pls. x.—xiii.) I published a
revision of the Galaxiidee, and then wrote :—

“The occurrence of Galaxias maculatus in the sea has been recorded by VALEN-
CIENNES and by Purcrppt, off the Falkland Islands and off the coast of Chile respectively.
The observations of JOHNSTON in Tasmania and of Hurron and Ciarke in New Zealand
are to the effect that Galaxias attenuatus descends to the sea periodically to spawn.
Mr Ruperr VauLuentin has seen shoals of little fishes, which I identify with the
Galaxias gracillimus of CANESTRINI, in the sea at the Falkland Islands. Recently
Galaxias brevipinnis also has been found to be marine, G. bollansi, described by
Hurron from the Auckland Islands, proving to be identical with this species.”

Waite (Subantaretic Islands of New Zealand, p. 586) has recently shown that
Hurron’s conclusion as to the marine habit of G. brevipinnis was probably incorrect.
ErgenMann (ftep. Princeton Haped. Patagonia, iii., Zool., 1909, p. 274) says of G.
gracillimus : “This is undoubtedly the young of attenuatus” ; and if this opinion, which
does not appear to be the result of an examination of specimens, be accepted, the known
marine species of Galaxias would be reduced to two only.

In my revision I distinguished G. gracilimus from G. attenwatus by the more

ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 291

slender form, the smaller head, ete. My specimens, 53-55 mm. in total length, were of
the same size as the smallest examples of G. attenwatus, but, bearing in mind the extra-
ordinary larval history of Anguilla, Albula, ete., | wrote: ‘ Possibly this species may
be based on a larval form of G. attenuatus, but if so it is remarkable that it has been
recorded only from South America, and that larval forms of other species have not been
described.” <A series of Galaxias attenuatus from the Falkland Islands, since received
from Mr VALLENTIN, includes specimens of 20 to 30 mm. which agree with those of 55 to
60 mm. in form, size of head, etc., and show pretty conclusively that G. gracillimus does
not represent a stage in the life-history of this species. Mr VALLENTIN’s collection also
includes some young examples of G. smithi, hitherto known only from the type from
Sir Anprew Sairu’s collection; these are yellowish, with numerous brownish irregular
vertical stripes.
The South American species of Gal/aaxias are seven in number, viz.:—

1. Galaxias attenuatus, Jenyns, 1842.
S.E. Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand and neighbouring islands; Chile; Pata-
gonia; Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

2. Galaxias gracillimus, Canestrini, 1864.
Chile; Falkland Islands.

3. Galaxias maculatus, Jenyns, 1842.

Chile ; Patagonia; Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

4. Galaxias alpinus, Jenyns, 1842.

Alpine lakes of Tierra del Fuego.

5. Galaxias bullocki, Regan, 1908.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (8), i. p. 372.
Temuco, Chile. :
6. Galaxias plater, Steind., 1897.

Galaxias titeombi, Everm. and Kendall, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxi., 1907, p. 92, fig.

Patagonia; Argentina.

7. Galaxias smithir, Regan, 1906.

Falkland Islands.

It should be noted that only the marine species oceur both at the Falkland Islands
and on the continent of South America, and there can be little doubt that HWaplochiton
zebra, with this distribution, will prove to be marine.

The conclusion that the Galaxiide are originally marine and are establishing them-
selves in fresh water is strengthened by their relationship to the Osmeride; their distribu-
tion has little bearing on the question of a former extension of the Antarctic Continent.

The expense of the publication of this Memoir is defrayed from the Government
Publication Grant administered by the Royal Society of London.

\

292 ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

LIST OF THE PLATES.

Puate I.

Raia magellanica x 4.

bo

ee ed

bo

be

Puate II.
Chalinura ferriert.
ra whitsoni.

Prats III.

. Cynomacrurus piriet.
}

Neobythites brucei.

Prats LV.

Bovichthys angustifrons,
Cottoperca macrophthalma.
5 golio.

Pate V.

. Austrolycus depressiceps.
Cottoperca macrophthalma x 4%.

Puate VI.

- Cestoperca coatsit.

Notothenia trigramma x £.

om ow bo

to

—

CU Rm o bo

—

bo

Puatre VIL.

. Notothenia ramsay?,

- wiltont,

Puate VIII.

. Notothenia angustifrons.

_ marionensis,
P acuta x 1h,

Trematomus loennbergit.
Synaphobranchus australis.

PuatEe 1X.

Bovichthys decipiens x 13.

. Bathylagus glacialis.

. Lycenchelys antarcticus.
. Bathydraco scotix.

. Bovichthys diacanthus.

Puate X.

. Champsocephalus esox.

. gunnari x +.

Puate XT.

Chenocephalus aceratus.

Vol XLIX.

ae)

am

Trans. Roy. Soc ite

Piz. le

“Scotia” ANTARCTIC FISHES.

REGAN

Huth, imp.

AH. Searle, del.et lith.

RAIA MAGELLANICA.

Vou. ALIX

Pi JO,

ANTARCTIC FISHES.

”

“SCOT

REGAN:

Trans. Roy.Soc. Edin’

E
:
8

AH. Searle del et lth.

2. CHALINURA WHITSONIT.

CHALINURA FERRIERI

ate

Vol. XLIK.

“Scorra” ANTARCTIC FISHES, PL.m.

REGAN:

Trans. Roy. Soc. Edint

Huth imp

AH. Searle, del. et lth.

2 INMWOMD NA SHONb aS) ISR UN CML,

CVNOMACR UW RWS RE.

Ike

ig

Vol. XLIX.

IP, 1

FISHES,

“Scotia” ANTARCTIC

REGAN:

Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin’

Huth imp

AH. Searle, del.et lith.

I

BOVICHTHYS ANGUSTIFRONS.

aur

2. COTTOPERCA MACROPHTHALMA.

GOBIO

(Cr

8.

.

Huth imp.

Vol XLIX .

Recan: Scorra” Anrarnctic FisHesS Pu.V.

as

Trans Roy.Soc.Edin

1

ith

earle del eth

S

AH

COTTOPERCA MACROPHTHALMA. ADULT.

a.

AUSTROLYCUS DEPRESSICHPS.

ali

baw

dunt yqnyy “VINANVEDIEL VINHHGOLON'’e ‘IISGVOO VOURAOISHVO ‘T 490 19 BR sve Hw

‘TATd SHHSIJ OLOUVINY ,VILOOG, :NVORY

OI 9A yuipg 00g Aoy sireay

had

Wow. NWS

12he, WALL.

“Sootta’ ANTARCTIC FISHES.

REGAN:

sy

Trans Roy. Soc.Edin

A.H. Searle, del et lith.

NOTOTHENIA WILTON!.

Be

NOTOTHENIA RAMSAYI.

ae

=
-
i :
a

a=

i or
-

1
, »
t
€
: mi
:

Fl ‘
~~
rs

: Lael ip
_ ' 1
i
7 A
: rs
oF om
as
t n
: oa
if
i '
Uy
1
: « ¥
i :
oe eS
1
i
‘
‘ i
. 7
-_ : u LS
7 i
'
; 7
: 7
a
7 =)
-
5 a
-
» i
i. : _
cy
LA
a
_
>
_
_ 7
& ‘4 2 a
=
- - ane

Slava LS Oy SOMEONE Ora NAS 147 Mee aN NiO Sia hlO i WIN ere de
Vio NS SiS NeNOTENV WN “2 ~SIN@UATTS MS NV VTING His OO IN:

od

‘dur yynqy

‘UT2 ap aweegHy

SERIES RES

AG LG IO

ER LE
BNA

URI
ie
XM RNS
SS
sie

RCE,

Ok
ey PAR

= TERR?

gt

és

‘MA Ig ‘SHHSIJ OILOUVINY ,vILOOG, ‘NvOaYy
“XT TX TOA amp yz 00g AoY sve ty,

Pain® Vol. XLIX.
Trans.Roy.Socfdin REGAN: “Scotia” ANTARCTIC FISHES, PLE.

5a.

AH. Searle del. et lith. \ Huthimp
i HO MUGL TENS ME ChPeIiEIN Ss (2. BATE VIONe US GLACTALTS:
3), ILACCGADINIGIENAILAZS AINSI NEG WIG Ws) 455 1SV/NIVIE NAD ISUAWG@) (StG(@)AnWMg;,
5), ISvOWMCISMNSNAS IDI VNGUNIN| INSHOS)

— > URED WAINUINTIAS) O) MOREL SIQMIOVASLELELOOMCUADAELO) “1 '
a BY WHL 3 Tp epeeg HW

‘X Id ‘SHHSIq CILOUVINY ,WIL0O0g, :Nvoay

STL TON jutp q'00g Aoy'sue ay

'SHLIVHUROV SO IVAdHOONHVHO

THIS PP e1Te9S HV

dur yany

en oie lel ‘SHHSIQ JILOMVINY WiLOdS | “NWO HY sump gq 00g Avysteg],

The Transactions of the Roya Soctrry or EpinsurGH will in future be Sold
at the following reduced Prices :—

Vol Price to the Price to Vol Price to the Price to
B Public. Fellows. @ | Public. Fellows.
WA £0 11-6 2F0), BEG XOXGXGIENS Parthleik col JOPs0: 25 5} 2)
VII. ORS 0 015 O a Part 2. 0-19" +0) 014 6
VIL. Oe OF 4 055i “ Part 3. eo) hi) jul ©
1D.& 1200 Geis Or all reisnsn Partha |e <0,-9~ 0 Orn 20
X. (OEE) OUG Oa XLS Partoll: Teee5yan() 0)
XI. 014 6 0:12" 0 So earbeon 1a a} leeeonO
XII. 014 6 Op 2 Onis! Soebartios 1 6e50) OWI 6
XII. 018 0 Oma ORS barbs Ie eOP0: 016 O
XUV. yon) es Bley. Oop. XLI. Part 1. Te aly 0) 0.159
XV. ied i A) 1G O ea anbeos 1h 9i. 6 BD)
Kx Part, 1: 018 O Os EEO ea| (7 a Rantro: 25/08 0 TeliaienG
XXII. Part. 2. 010 O Onan iis GHD gorau. £0 Te 0
Me Part 3. eb ya0) 03) 53) ore DP 0) it Tay ©
XOXOVIE Part 1: 016 0 O20 Ke XLIV. Part 1. SS h6 es (0)
i Part 2. Oy Sy 30) Oe Ae ani ae earth Teel 0) (Oe tisy 9)
Fe Ted SL (0) S00) OF 116k <0) 2 XaGVe Part 11) 2310-9) 0 oan)
XV UE. Part: |) d5:0 1ydun 02? Pegearbeon sie lie 10 e200
5 Part: 2. ile Gy S40) Lelie OSs 4! ye oebarhes eee) Ty (5.93
=A Part 3. 018 O OnUSs 6s oH ye ee arti. 0 4 6 On 3p 6
XXIX. Part 1. Eien 0; Ie G9 10) XLV Part: Teo 016 6
ex Part 2. 016 0 OP 10) Py Parti 2: Easy 3} 019 4
XXX. Part 1. 112250: I a Shear. mesmo LOT
» Part 2. 016 0 O12 0 4 yeneral Index to Vols. XXXV.-XLVI.
” Part 3. 0555: 0 0 4° 0 (1889-1908), with the President’s Address
” Part 4. Onaiie a6 0 5 8 || delivered at the opening of the New Rooms of
XXXI. 4,4 0 among O the Society, 8th November 1909, ete.
XXXII. Part 1. He (0)200) 016 O XLVIL. Part 1. One ys We @
a Part 2. 018 O 0135 6 : Part 2. os O Oelcd:
» Part 3.) 210 0 1l7 6 yo Part 8) ay 0.10 015 6
My ee Part A): 308.5: 0 One to wi abanyae le Ty Toe 10) 1-9
KXXIUM. Part l.} 11 0 OtGs 0. | SEV Part ts] 1s 2 <9 Oia 2
5 Part 2. 2A 10, ee 0) “: Part 2. 1 OnK6 1 Ot-95
» Part 3. 0. 12540 Oe OG = Parhoe ie lke Or oe ae sees
XXXIV. em Pcie) eel 1s 0) KS Part 4. | 016 8 0.12 6
XXXV.* Part 1. Aaa Ee XO) MLIXY Parbel. s70!.97506 (Omua-<6
5 Part 2. Wt 0) We Bg
hs Part 3. 22 2750 I TEU)
Fe Part 4. Th es XO) 016 O
XXXVI. Part 1. Wit Dat) 016 0
. Part 2: Gigs G: LG
as Part 3. 1 Os) 016 O
XXXVII. Part 1. Ise 36) TED iG:
3 Part 2. ESO) 016 0
‘ Part 3. 016 O O-12*. 0
i, Part 4. Ow 3 Ose Deas
XXX VITI.Part 1. YO ew) 5 £0)
Be Party2: Ih ay5 019 O
* Part 3. Te WMO Os I Ss F900)
; Part 4. ORE G6 0.5 -8

* Vol. XXXYV., and those which follow, may be had in Numbers, each Number containing
a complete Paper.

January 1913.—Volumes or parts of volumes not mentioned in the above list are not for the present on sale to the
public. Fellows or others who may specially desire to obtain them must apply direct to the Society. As the Society
reprints from time to time parts of its publications which have become scarce, the absolute correctness of this list
cannot be guaranteed beyond this date

es : or me ba WF
ae A ; ; ; f Aint > i ; si
Bk ik ROYAL SOCIETY 0
Bo, emt f ) 2 VOLUME DLEX, “PART. 11
2, The ‘Andale Fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.
Mes sis in the British Museum (Natural History). Communicated by Dr W. Ss. Brver.
Bip) g Plates and Six Text- -Figs.) Price: to Public, 8s.; to Fellows, 6s.
ty * - 4 Wee Po; : | ‘ sa
z ‘ 0 fit f
; ev j .
Vie : : i ; ‘ :
Va) bi [For Prices of previous Volumes and Parts see page 3 of Cover.] :
: ] : a
j ‘eo be
Ey
: opis ae
rhe ; Sb ots PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY, LIMITED, EDINBURGH.
a : . ae MW ae

nt Ay
i 4
dat
wy

cia

1
At

4

p (
aay

J

heen.
a

el a) i fay

'
AN! CPA, <f
ee ag

a4

ei

teat
Ms

»
Ve?

et Yagi

d J vi

hu ft iif A }

Mee wih em

Peay | Cie
1) a it ' Meal yids

pra
ie ae a i i f i i ae i i i die a vi

}
hha

y i
yg iahe

x

he
Ter:
h iN LY

H(i

8 00064 2975

ili